Essay Women as a Minority Group - 1265 Words

Women as a Minority Group nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women have been discriminated against since the beginning of time, as early as the first people, Adam and Eve. Eve was called the evil one, who ate fruit from the tree of knowledge. Once she had the knowledge to know right from wrong, she chose to do wrong and give the fruit to Adam. Examples like these can be shown all over history books, in stories, tales and legends across the entire world. Women have been subordinate to men in virtually all societies throughout history. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is called sexism. The presumption of male sexism led to patterns of prejudice and discrimination against women. These prejudices†¦show more content†¦Stereotypical activities, like boys creating things or earning money, and girls shopping, cooking, and sewing, existed in each and every textbook. In all standard English, male pronouns are used to describe a hypothetical individual no matter what the actual gender of the person may be. Although many of these stereotypical portrayals have been removed through court cases and pressure on publishers, there are still problems today. Sexual bias still remains in schools today, even though there has been a great many changes in the past 20 years. Girls enter school in the first grade with the same skills and ambitions as boys, if not more, but classroom sexist conditioning results in lower self-confidence and aspirations by the time they graduate from high school. Even though, two out of every three teachers may be women, they tend to favor sexual stereotypes, recalling more positively the assertive male students while liking least the assertive females. Teachers call on boys more often, give them more detailed criticism, and praise the intellectual content of boys’ work more then girls’ work, while more likely praising girls for their neatness. Teachers also allow boys to shout out answers and take risks, but they reprimand girls who do the same thing for rudeness. Additionally, few educators encourage girls to pursue careers in math or science. Employment is another social indicator that helps to showShow MoreRelatedWomen And Minority Groups During The Civil Rights Initiative907 Words   |  4 Pages Women and minority groups in particular fields have been disadvantaged since there has been a discrimination against them few years ago. Especially in the work fields, an issue regarding inequality in public contracting, specifically in bidding, becomes a current debate among workers. Since San Francisco allowed the city authorities to treat its bidding process differently though the San Francisco’s Public Contracting, cities that intended to eliminate such inequality might have failed. This policyRead MoreAffirmative Action And Discrimination Against Women And Minority Groups1386 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities. By definition seems to explain affirmative action and to help subsidize for past discrimination. A ffirmative action has foremost affects in college admissions and employment. Especially, in employment more qualified women applicants are hired solely in the fact that they are members of a minority group. The Women’s Movement has fought for the equality of women and I intend to showRead MoreThe Affirmative Action Act : An Outcome Of Minority Groups And Women2215 Words   |  9 PagesThe Affirmative Action Act was created to ensure that minority groups and women were given the same opportunities in education and employment that were traditionally afforded to white males. According to the National Conferences of State Legislatures, affirmative action is, â€Å"†¦an outcome of the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement, intended to provide equal opportunities for members of minority groups and women in education and employment. In 1961, President Kennedy was the first to use the term affirmativeRead MoreThe Muted Group Theory Of The World Of Communication1627 Words   |   7 PagesAbstract Muted Group Theory is essentially one group being subdued from another dominant group. The most prevalent example throughout society has been men and women, men being the dominant figure, and women being mute. The Muted Group Theory is one that explains why women or other minorities feel more constrained and obligated to conform to dominant figures. In the world of communication, men seem to have more influence over women especially in linguistics. Not only is language an important aspectRead MoreThe Plight Of Minority Women1442 Words   |  6 PagesMake sure to elaborate on the victimization of the study LITERATURE REVIEW The Plight Of Minority Battered Women The issues of domestic violence, focusing primarily on black ethnic minority women . To be able to understand the problem of domestic violence, it is vital to recognize that violence toward women is an international reality which has been recognized as a major public health issue (Shipway 2004). According to Shipway 2004, the acknowledgment of domestic violence internationally as aRead MoreDiversity1392 Words   |  6 PagesCreating and Nurturing a Women Minority Friendly Workplace Workplace diversity is a complex issue and addressing it is necessary to have which a competitive advantage in today’s fast-growing economy. While women appear to thrive at entry-level positions, moving up the ladder is challenging. In fact, retaining women and minorities in the workplace has become increasingly harder for large companies, especially healthcare organizations. Despite the clear value of having a diverse workforce, likeRead MoreMuted Group Theory ( Mgt )1593 Words   |  7 Pages Muted Group Theory (MGT) is a critical theory because it is focuses on the power structure and how it is used against certain people and groups. At times, critical theories can divide the powerful and the powerless into a number of different ways. MGT chooses to split the power spectrum into two main categories, men and women. This MGT helps us to understand any groups that are silenced by the lack of power in their language. In dominate groups or activity groups, there are members who have lessRead MoreThe Double Minority in Song of Solomon Essay835 Words   |  4 Pages Typically minority groups are thought of in the context of race; however, a minority group can also consist of gender and class. The struggles facing a minority group complicate further when these different facets of minority categories are combined into what is sometimes called a double minority.   Throughout their writing, African American women have exposed how being a double minority changes the conditions of being a minority. In Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon, the African American femaleRead MoreSocial Injustice: Invisibility and Suppression Among Minorities1254 Words   |  6 Pagesamong minority groups in the United States. The literature provided in the Heath Anthology reflects minority citizens like African Americans, Hispanics, and women. American literature during the 20th century serves as a critical lens to examine the social injustices faced by minority groups. Minority artists use literature to examine and redefine their pre-determined role in society. The critically acclaimed African American scholar, W.E.B. DuBois, contends the strife of minority groups (specificallyRead More Affirmative Action Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Affirmative action is a deliberate effort to provide full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas for women, minorities, and individuals belonging to other traditionally disadvantaged groups. As an issue of todays society, affirmative action requires corporations, universities and other organizations to establish programs designed to ensure that all applicants are treated fairly. It also places a burden of proof on the providers of opportunities;

To What Extent Was Nationalism the Main Cause of British Decolonisation Free Essays

To what extent was nationalism the main cause of British decolonisation Decolonisation is the process by which empires disintegrated and colonies achieved in dependence. Britain decolonised between the years 1947 and 1964, nationalist movements was considered the main reason for decolonisation of the British Empire, but where other factors just as significant? Britain had flourished during the war with a victory however; this left them with severe financial and economical set-backs. The Second World War weakened the British economy this in turn reduced their imperial power to maintain control of their colonies, Britain often used emergencies; which allowed them to buy time from nationalists which would weaken their interest. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Was Nationalism the Main Cause of British Decolonisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now They needed to ‘cling’ to their empire, as it was the only source of support for their economy, they were able to sell cheap goods for more and paying their workers a low wage added to their economy. Although some would argue that due to the low wage paid to the workers this caused them to not be able to buy thing as they were too expensive. Britain was shadowed by the United States and the Soviet Union, Britain’s status was way down the hierarchy, these two superpowers created an international climate which the reservation of the empire was rapidly difficult. However, the empire provided resistance from the US and USSR. Britain was also increasing the spending on nuclear weapons, rather than on weapons and soldiers in the cold war therefore, Britain couldn’t police the war. They needed army defence clearly nuclear dependence wasn’t needed. During the war time Japanese, Burma etc were revealing the weakness of the British imperial power, this gave hope to other territories starting with India. The nationalist’s movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian nationalist’s congress to free India, India eventually through a lot of hardship gained independence this surely accounted as significant, it shows Britain’s weakness. This inspired other colonies to be freed and use Gandhi’s non-violent tactics, also made Britain powerless, no longer influential and loses their main sour of resources for trade etc. Due to the increased contact with African soldiers’ during the war, the Indians spread the word and soon African colonies wanted freedom, a self government and independence. Increasing colonial development which created an African middle class this helped with the nationalising of African colonies, as they had more knowledge, educated and now understand that they deserve freedom. By 1945 there was an increase in nationalist groups within Africa. Britain had loss India therefore they needed a much more productive Africa, Britain modernised them, they spent up to 120 million pounds, the money was mainly spent on a groundnuts investment in Tanzania the investment which failed caused a huge turnover in debt for Britain. Also creating the sterling area colonies had to use pounds an attempt to make Britain much more economically productive, to improve their way of living this however, back-fired instead it encouraged nationalism activists to start really fighting for what they wanted as they thought if we have been educated we might as well use this to run our county on our own. Some people would argue that the Asian and African nationalist movements were chances for Britain to show that they really are powerful and can control these movements, also it made Britain more determined to keep their empire intact even if this meant violence. For example in India there were peaceful movement used although turned into violence as Britain wasn’t planning to lose, the famous day of the Amritsar Massacre, when people were protesting and were brutally shot down etc. Eventually Britain lost India and they gained their independence. On the other hand, Britain also failed to keep control in Palestine. Palestine gained independence in 1948 and became known as Israel. However, it doesn’t end there, the Arabs and Jews conflict was increasing rapidly; the UK couldn’t keep control mainly because they didn’t have enough financial support needed to police the country, so they decided to leave and the conflict increased. Some people would argue this made Britain seem like cowards as they couldn’t finish what they’ve started. There were clear consequences outstanding to this slip-up, it made Britain appear weak and this inspired other colonies to protest. In 1956 the Suez crisis was a strong turning point for the world as it revealed Britain’s limitation from the beginning showing they couldn’t go any further both military and financially wise. This was obviously very humiliating for Britain, and Eden the prime minister at the time who decided this unintelligent action resigned soon after: under embarrassment, illegal invasion, rejection from the USA, the Frances trust in Britain vanished. The USA and USSR became the most dominant powers and left Britain behind. Britain lost whatever influence it had left on the Middle East, and some of Europe. Britain’s relationship with the USA was seriously damaged this caused a run on the pound the value of the dollar increased, also Britain lost its sovereignty as it was under the control of the Usa in terms of nuclear power as they had dual key which Britain needs the USA to do anything with it. Egypt was the first non- white country to challenge Britain and defeat them this, this dilemma caused far worst issues. Britain lost it influence nearly worldwide, as the world lost trust in them. That setback caused them to lose colonies because of nationalist movements such as the Gold coast in 1957, Nigeria in1961, Malaysia in 1962 etc. Britain needed to have European power but France no longer trusted in Britain. Britain’s problems at home weren’t any better; Eden just resigned after embarrassing the country. The public’s attitude at the time was that they were apathetic, they wanted and needed their own welfare: post-war recovery. Due to the increase in immigration the racism from the British increased too, for example a well known race riot in Notting hill. However Mc Milan becomes prime minister, he accepts the need of decolonisation and believes ‘the day of the empire is gone, modern days are arising’, the fact that most empires were decolonising such as France, Belgium, Portugal took the longest but eventually let go, this shows that there was no real benefit in keeping a colony. Mc Milan changes the foreign policy and restores the relationship with the USA as they agree with being anti-colonial anyway. He decides to focus on Europe were their chances of success was much greater. However, British conservative white settlers were reluctant to let go and believed that independence given to colonies were rushed without preparation. Mc Milan government concluded that they would leave as soon as possible. In conclusion, although nationalism appears to be the main cause of decolonisation, other factors were just as significant and more such as, post war financial issues, the Suez crisis Eden’s failure, etc. It looks to me that success usually comes through money and if the UK had financial support then they would still have their empire or have a huge status in the world. How to cite To What Extent Was Nationalism the Main Cause of British Decolonisation, Papers

Sustainability Accounting & Reporting KMPG

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Accounting Reportingfor KMPG. Answer: Inconsistency has been the annual or CR report when it comes to carbon information. 1 out of 5 large companies does not provide any report on carbon. As per KPMG, it is important that the necessary and relevant information be provided so that the stakeholders are able to get a clear view. Reporting should lead to explain that the companies evaluate and assess the carbon emission. The biggest and crucial role is being played by the large companies and as per KPMG report, the large companies are in a better position to respond to the low-carbon global economy. The carbon reporting methodology has been assessed through a scoring methodology(KMPG, 2015). As per the methodology, the CR reporting is based on 7 criteria that are the stakeholder engagement, materiality, risk planning, indicators, transparency and balance, value chain, and corporate responsibility governance. However, the improvement in the process of reporting has been timid considering the room for improvement. KMPG member firms influence companies to assess the reporting pattern and provide steps that will help in enhancing the quality. In short, the quality of reporting is a method to differentiate them from the rest. Going by the overall discussion it can be commented that Global Reporting initiative can be tagged as the best voluntary reporting guideline(Albuquerque, 2013). The use of the framework is strong where the CR reports are stand-alone. CR information is exposed to a limited space and hence, relevant principles must be made mandatory within the annual report so that ample benefit can be derived from it. References Albuquerque, R. D. A. K. Y., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility and firm risk theory and empirical evidence. s.l.:Boston University. KMPG, 2015. The KMPG Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting , Netherlands

Communications and conflict Essay Example For Students

Communications and conflict Essay Joannes understanding of friendship and business is probably much more definitive and structured than the white student worker. Asians are known for their adherence to rules and regulations differing from a more laid back point of view of someone born and raised in the United States. Joanne should have been more aware of the cultural differences between herself and the student worker, and in doing so could help to quell other conflicts in the future. Joannes second conflict occurred between her and a colleague. This woman was from Puerto Rico, around twenty years older. They had worked together for 2 years in the same administrative aide position. This woman was constantly blaming others for mistakes or problems in the office. Items would go missing or something would break, and the women would immediately blame someone for the mishap. It had always annoyed Joanne, but as it progressed, the claims became more serious. It became too much for her when she accused one of Joannes friends of opening another colleagues mail and stealing money out of it. Joanne approached the women and asked her how she knew it was her friend that had stolen the money out of the mail. The women did not have an answer. Joanne then told her that it wasnt fair for her to be blaming others without proper evidence that what she was saying was not true. She also told her that before saying things of this nature, she should approach the person she is accusing and get the full story. The women immediately became defensive and angry. Joanne then resorted to humor and sarcasm to suppress her anger, making jokes about where the money had actually gone and teasingly accusing the woman of stealing it. Joanne told me that making a joke out of it helper her to vent some of her steam but also let others around her be aware of the situation. The conflict still exists and Joanne still resorts to sarcasm to deal with it (sounds like someone I know). The source of this conflict was one of diverging beliefs in attitudes. It also explains Joannes unlikely competitive approach to the situation even though she normally is avoiding. As she mentioned earlier in the interview, when it is a question of her beliefs, she does not hesitate to say something. Her approach to the situation was well worded and she created a non-hostile communication environment by inviting the women into the conversation. Her conflict solving style was accommodating, but the conflict was not really solved. By resorting to joking and sarcasm Joanne may have potentially created an even bigger problem. If, by chance, the person hearing the joke takes offense, the conflict can turn into an even larger scale conflict. The book says that, jokes or sarcastic remarks can be defended, as Joanne felt when she used them, but it recommends being more open and honest when a conflict occurs. After interviewing Joanne and dissecting her conflicts very carefully, I have come to understand how important conflict management skills are in todays society. We are confronted with conflicts everyday and being knowledgeable about ways to solve them is essential in moving forward in ones career and in life. The book relates that, Effective conflict management requires a positive attitude toward appropriate interpersonal communication and toward conflict itself. Rather than regard all conflict as a threat or a negative condition, individuals need to consider expressed differences as the potential for creativity and growth(Borisoff 29). Many people view conflict as negative and hindering to interactions. Yet in becoming a better conflict solver, I have realized that I can use conflicts to my advantage and use them to create change when I am unhappy in a relationship or at work. There is no way to completely rid the world of conflicts. People will always have differences and disagreements, but we must see it as, a source of great potential and productivity(223). Having the ability to embrace conflicts will ensure great promise in dealing with interactions in the workplace and in relationships.

How to Use Sample Integrate Source in Essay Writing

How to Use Sample Integrate Source in Essay WritingSample integrate source in essay writing is the best way to help you make your paper short and to the point. It will be easy for you to use it because you will have all the information you need to help you write a well-written essay. The best way to use it is to take the sample and use it to help you understand the grammar that you need to learn.There are so many different options and explanations for every part of this subject. The best way to make your essay more comprehensive is to include a sample and other sources in the same paragraph. Include this as an appendix to your paper. Make sure you include the grammar tips from the sample and explain each one in a few sentences.Be sure to remember the format of the article because you will need to know what to include for each section of your essay. Have a copy in hand that you can look at and look for errors in grammar and spelling. You can also use the sample to help you understand the flow of the paper.Use the sample to add more information to your writing. Just keep in mind to correct the mistakes as you go along. This is the best way to ensure that your work is error free.You can use the sample to help you make the transition from one section to another. This is especially true if you are using a book for your sample. You need to be able to understand how the book is formatted and how it should be written. The best way to do this is to look over the sample and understand the different sections, and what they represent.Another advantage to using these samples is that they are reviewed. They will be used by people who are writing academic papers for college credit. It will make your writing more professional and it will make your essay more valuable to those who use them. So it is good to consider using these samples as a part of your essay to help you make your paper more effective.Hopefully you now know a little bit more about sample integrate source in ess ay writing. Remember to review it from time to time to make sure you understand it properly. That way you will be able to make your own essay work and make it more professional and able to get better grades.

Planet Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Planet Earth Buried lost within my sleep, I am illusioned by a dream. Confused by the situation, I hear sirens and flashes of light, rigorously delivering discomfort. Perplexed by the ordeal, I twist and turn and suddenly I awaken. Breathing heavily I take a sigh of relief realizing that distorted sounds of the sirens were only that of my alarm. As I get up of my bed, I draw back the blinds and slide across my fogged window. I find nothing but pure blackness, and the flurry of the morning chill. I am discouraged but I know that this day will grow to be the most beautiful things on earth. As I stare up overhead at a moonlit sky surrounded by the thousand "pinpoint", I smell coolness of eucalyptus extracted from the giant trees, and the fresh scent of air, so pristine and untouched by mankind. All I can hear is the blackness of the atmosphere. There is no life, and the world is at peace, it is at rest. Then suddenly, the slumber is ceased, and the day awakens. The stars begin to fade and the first light of day appears. The eyes of the earth slowly opens and elegance of the sun gradually emerges above the horizon from the far east, painting vivid patches of red, orange, and blue. Suddenly I see flocks of birds flying from nowhere in a disfigured "V" formation as I hear the wake up call of the rooster somewhere across the dew and mist of the morning air. Although so soft, I hear trickling from the trees drenched by the cleansing morning rain clashing with the sweet songs of the birds within them. As every single second goes by, the sun rises higher and higher, warming up the earth and lighting the sky. The earth has awakened. Comforted by the tranquility, I lay back to rest and contemplate on whether this gracefulness will last. Relaxed, I once again fall into a deep sleep. Taking each breath as it comes. All I felt was the warmth's of my blanket, and all I could see was the pitch-blackness induced by the closure of my eyelids. Unexpectedly, a furious flash of light ignites, and the violent sounds of the siren develop, I scream but I can not hear myself cry. I faintly see my mother. She lays peacefully on a tar ruined lane, I run to her, but every step seems to convey me further away from her. I hear her cry, but her cry stops, she calls for my help. She calls my name. "Peter!" I hear. Sounding so terribly real, and agitated by the situation, I twist and turn and suddenly I awaken to the kind touch of my mother's hand. "Are you okay Peter?" mother asked. All I could do was hug her and tell her "I loved you!" My heavy breathing transforms into drips of tears but they dry before my mother could see. I reflect on the dream, and consider that maybe the dream had a meaning. Am I taking my mother for granted? As I peacefully sit out on the front porch, I am struck by the powerful radiance of sun. It demonstrates all its intensity and solar power. Like on a desert island, I can feel the unbearable heat burning my skin but it is constantly soother by the friendly greeting of a southern wind. The trees dance from to right, rustling their leaves together making the sound as one might do with their hands on a cold day. The heavens above looking also much like the earth itself, with the vast baby blue oceans encompassing the floating white islands with silver shorelines. After few hours of contemplating, I looked up once more, and all I saw was the tiredness of the earth, accompanied by a rich red. The earth is tired and weary, and I guess it must rest. Howling winds are sent once again to cool the earth. The birds far above fleet to where they once originated. As they fly across the warm horizon, the sun falls beyond them into a land far west. Like the dawn of day, the sky is once again filled with the magnificent array of colour. Showing a red heat near the sun, but a blue coolness away in the east. Darker and darker the world becomes, but moonlit sky accompanied by the glittering stars overcomes the fear of darkness. The magnificence and beauty of the cycle day only left us with the heavens to

High Level Autistic Disorder

High Level Autistic Disorder Introduction High-level autistic disorder is an acute developmental disability that starts at birth or within a child’s early years of being. It is also known as Autism. It is the consequence of a neurological disorder that alters the functioning of the brain. This causes impediments or difficulties in many distinct skills from childhood to adulthood.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on High Level Autistic Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More High-level autistic disorder belongs to a group of developmental disabilities recognized as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). A spectrum disorder is a collection of disorders with similar characteristics. In autism, while one individual may have minor symptoms, another one may have substantial ones. The diversity in the nature of the signs and when they will possibly begin appearing also makes autism to be recognized like an ASD (Mesibov, Shea Adams, 2001).   High-level autistic disorder is a worldwide disorder found amongst all tribal, cultural and socioeconomic groups. It is mostly found in children especially boys. However, autistic girls have more critical symptoms and greater cerebral impairment (Turkington Anan, 2007). This paper will discuss a case study of high-level autistic disorder. It involves Tommy, who is a 6-year-old nursery school student. His classroom behavior is quite different from that of the other students. He has poor academic performance. He is unable to comply with basic classroom rules and expectations. He has difficulties in performing expected academic tasks. Tommy’s father is a shy soft-spoken man while his mother appears bright and vivacious.  In a meeting with the principal, Tommy’s parents state that Tommy did not start talking until he was about 2 years of age. However, the father states that he still had the same problem though he turned out okay. His mother complains that Tommy has diff iculties while playing with other children. He does not share toys with the other children. She further adds that Tommy hits other children when angry and cries in a shrill, loud voice when he does not get his way. Tommy does not have real friends. The mother also reports that Tommy does not always respond to her voice when she calls. She also reports that Tommy needs a lot of coaching and supervision to get dressed in the morning. Tommy’s hand has to be held tightly when crossing the street since he sometimes darts into the street.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this meeting, the Kindergarten teacher reports that Tommy’s attention often wanders. He does not follow directions like the other children. According to the teacher, Tommy cries and rocks back and forth when he has to change activities. He has severally hit other children who casual ly bump into him on the playground. All this symptoms show that Tommy is a victim of high-level autistic disorder. Discussion Genetic and Environmental Contributions to High Level Autistic Disorder Several environmental and genetic factors have set the stage for high-level autistic disorder. Genes play a key role in the development of this disorder. Different studies have indicated that twins who are identical have a higher likelihood to suffer from this condition than fraternal twins. In a household with one autistic baby, the probability of having another autistic baby is 5%. Family members of an autistic child may have minor social impairments including recurring behaviors’ and problems in communication. Abnormal genes also lead to high-level autistic disorder. The environment is another cause of high-level autistic disorder. Environmental pollutants such as insect repellents and heavy metals are significant risk factors. Lack of enough oxygen at birth and the presence of viruses in the environment may also lead to this disorder (Ryaskin, 2004). Symptoms of High Level Autistic Disorder Children with autism typically exhibit problems in social interaction. They also face difficulties in verbal and non-verbal contacts. This can be attributed to language delays. They tend to show interest in odd, recurring or constrained activities. They also have impaired intellectual capacities. Infants have problems in cuddling. They shun from eye contact and do not appear to be in need of affection. They shed tears when picked up. They form no connection with their parents and do not exhibit any concerns towards strangers. They do not train the ordinary games of babyhood. As children with a high-level autistic disorder grow old, they often have extra ordinary reactions to sensory experiences (Blanc Volkers, 2007). (DSM) IV Classification of High Level Autistic Disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) IV classify high-level autistic disorder in to three. According to DSM-IV, autism is a qualitative destruction in social interaction and verbal communication. High-level autistic disorder is considered by DSM-IV as constrained, recurring and a stereotyped behavioral pattern (Rapoport Ismond, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on High Level Autistic Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brain monitoring techniques Brain scan involves the use of different techniques to picture the structure and functioning of the brain. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) depends on the paramagnetic characteristics of hemoglobin. It enables one to see representations of fluctuating blood supply to the brain connected with neural cavity. This permits images to be created that show which brain parts are activated. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) detects brain receptors linked to neurotransmitters. It has the capability of detecting chemicals that attach to recep tors. Single Photon Emission Computed Photography (SPECT) utilizes gamma rays producing radioisotopes. A gamma camera is used, and a computer comes up with images of the active brain regions. Injection of a radioactive tracer is then done. This is quickly absorbed by the brain though not redistributed. SPECT reflects blood flow in the cerebrum. MEG (Magneto encephalography) is another non-invasive brain monitoring technique. It determines the magnetic fields generated by electrical actions in the brain (Zager, 2005). High Level Autistic Disorder Tests and Assessments Assessment of Verbal and Spatial memory (Differential Ability Scales subtests) The DAS (Differential Ability Scale) is a cognitive ability test for children aged between 2 and 17 years. It involves diagnostic tests for vocal and non-vocal matters. Verbal subtests involved in DAS are verbal comprehension, vocabulary naming and explanations of similarities between pictures. Spatial subtests involved in assessment of spati al memory include block building, copying of drawings and recalling of designs. It also involves construction of patterns and the identification of picture similarities (Oller John, 2009). Assessment of Verbal Fluency (Differential Ability Scales subtests) Verbal fluency is the capability to generate a sequence of words under theoretical or phonological demands. The DAS examines verbal fluency through word definitions whereby the victims explain the meaning of words spoken by the assessor. Word reading tests are also done to increase the children’s ability of reading more and more difficult words. Assessment of Social Cognition (Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale) This involves a sequence of planned and semi planned activities that entail social interaction between the assessor and the autistic child. The assessor observes and recognizes segments of the child’s behavior. He designates this to predetermined observational classifications. Classified observations are co nsequently combined to generate quantitative scores for evaluation. ADOS show social and verbal communication behaviors necessary for autism diagnosis (Barker, 2004).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assessment of Executive Function (NEPSY battery for high functioning Autistic Disorder Children) This is a neuropsychological assessment test. It evaluates neuropsychological development in autistic children aged between 3 and 16 years. It analyses both straightforward and complex features of cognition that are significant in children’s capability to learn and be industrious at home and in school. It tests cognitive features, which are not, ordinarily covered by the child’s general capacity or achievement batteries (Mesmere, 2008). Assessment of daily functioning â€Å"Vineland† This refers to the evaluation and monitoring of the daily activities of the child. It is an estimation of a child’s functional status. It involves activities performed usually such as feeding, dressing, bathing and leisure. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales is a suitable test to measure a child’s level of daily functioning. It identifies and categorizes mental retardation w ith high-level autistic disorder. It is planned within a structure of three domains. These include verbal communication, social interactions and daily living. Vineland can be used to establish educational, recovery and cure programs for autistic children (Schopler Mesibov, 1988). Assessment of Intellectual Ability and Achievement The DAS possibly measures intellectual capacity better than many contending tests because the exceptional diagnostic tests are not involved in the verbal, non-vocal spatial and full scores (Doyle Iland, 2004). Assessment of Cognitive Speed It is an assessment method for approximating and forecasting the amount of functional harm amongst autistic victims. Child’s version of Trails A B is used together with DAS. The scores are associated with cognitive pointers of functional harm. In Trails A and B, the child links numbers in series followed by letters. He then relates the numbers to the letters in a sequence. Conclusion Early intervention in educat ional settings for a period of not less than two years leads to improved outcomes in most autistic children. It is important for pregnant mothers to avoid taking drugs unless prescribed by the doctor. This is because some instances of this disorder are related to exposure to chemicals in the course of pregnancy. Encouraging surroundings in the learning establishments, residence and the places of work assist autistic persons to continue developing all through their lives.  High-level autistic disorder has no cure. In some cases, the victims may gain speech. Signs of the disorder get mild with age. Factors such as having an intelligence quotient of more than 50, capacity to communicate before reaching 6 years and having a useful talent imply a better prognosis. Present prognosis for high-level autistic disorder has so much improved. Autistic children are put in institutions. Adult victims have the capacity to work victoriously in mainstream jobs. Such people, however, need moral sup port in their efforts for a self-reliant life. Many other victims of autism have the ability to work in exceptional environments under the supervision of managers. Such managers are skilled in dealing with the less fortunate in the society. It is, therefore, clear that the future holds something yummy for victims of high-level autistic disorder (Ozonoff Portland, 2002). References Barker, P. (2004). Basic child psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Blanc, L. R., Volkers, H. (2007). What You Should Know About Autism Spectrum Disorders. Signs, symptoms, treatments and effects on daily life. Bangor: Booklocker.com. Doyle, T. B. Iland, D. E. (2004). Autism Spectrum Disorders from A to Z: Assessment, Diagnosis. Texas: Future Horizons Publishers. Mesibov, B. G., Shea, V., Adams, W. L. (2001). Understanding Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Mesmere, S.B. (2008). New Autism Research Developments. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Oll er, W. J., John, S. (2009). 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