Innovation of Toyota in Hybrid

Toyota Innovation Lecturer: Dr. Barbara Igel Group members: Mr. Nguyen Hoang Hai Ms. Pham Thi Thu Hoai Ms. Kieu Phuong Ly 1 Toyota Introduction †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Established: 28 August 1937 Entrepreneur: Mr. Kiichiro Toyoda Total unit sold (up to July 2012): 200mil cars Company achievement: ?Product development motivation ?Extraordinary capability to manage large & global product development portfolio ?Launch more new vehicles than competitors ?Consistently deliver winners ?Continuous innovation and development 2 Prius XW10 the first Toyota’s hybrid was given to the market in December 1997 3 Prius XW10 he first Toyota’s hybrid was given to the market in December 1997 The car can run by both the gasoline and electricity 4 Differences Regular Car Hybrid Car Gasoline Gasoline & electricity CO2 emissions Less CO2 emissions Noise Silence powering High fuel consumption Low fuel consumption 5 Green Prius Make your gas last longer, Make your save last longer and M ake your dream comes true 6 The first generation An Architecture Innovation Product Prius XW10 7 What kind of innovation in nth Generations of Toyota Prius? Prius V Prius C Prius Plug -in Incremental innovation products 8 Competitive AdvantageProduct Development Strategy Process Goals 9 Product development strategy ? Conceiving & designing news cars ? Durability & Reliability ? Increase capital investment & shorter R&D cycles ? Reduce market risk 10 Product Development Process ? Fine balance between â€Å"shusa† program leader & â€Å"bucho† functional leader ? Parallel-path development, manage design and engineering trade-offs, and ensure flexibility (Apollo 11) ? Good relationship with suppliers 11 Product Development Process (†¦cont) ? Focus on collaboration and process ? Capturing and sharing the knowledge experience ? Monozukuri (â€Å"making products†) coming irectly from hitozukuri (â€Å"making people†) 12 Product Development Goals Focus on p roduct value which perceived by customers Product Value GAP Product Cost 13 PRIUS – THE LEADER OF HYBRID CARS PRIUS Toyota Time of Sales Models Sold units (at the end of september 2012) INSIGHT Honda 1997 1999 5 (with three generation) 2 (with two generation) 2,804,900 1,000,000 14 Solution adopted by the company Source: (Dehoff K. & Loehr J. , 2007, Innovation Ability) 15 Innovation Framework (Igel B. , 2012, Innovation & Techno entrepreneurship course) 16 Source: (Dehoff K. & Loehr J. , 2007, Innovation Ability) 17Reasons ? Thick history development culture ? Toyota Way: â€Å"people is the heart and soul† & â€Å"is the determinant of â€Å" best practice† approach† 18 Reasons ? â€Å"Shusa† : program manager ? â€Å"bucho†: functional manger ? Balancing authority ? Culture: the program success goal sharing broadly through the company 19 Reasons ? Forward & back up solution are developed simultaneously ? Ensure timeline schedule ? Culture : better product by making innovation everyday 20 Reasons ? Investing the innovative capacities to longterm suppliers ? Culture: collectivism, long-term thinking, uncertain avoidance – HIGH 21 Reasons Capturing & sharing knowledge and experience, making it available ? Management by means not by results ? Culture: better product by making innovation everyday 22 Reasons ? â€Å"making product† emanate from â€Å"making people† ? Culture: People is the heart & soul of Toyota; the life of employees together with the life of the company. 23 Reasons ? Strong ? Core values: ? Personal accountability ? Continuous improvement ? Collaboration ? Elimination of waste 24 Source: (Dehoff K. & Loehr J. , 2007, Innovation Ability) 25 Apply in Vietnam? ?No 26 Source: (Dehoff K. & Loehr J. , 2007, Innovation Ability) 27 28

Baz Lurhmann describes ‘Moulin Rouge’ as ‘audience participation cinema’. Analyse the techniques he uses to remind ‘us we are watching a movie’

Baz Lurhmann describes ‘Moulin Rouge' as ‘audience participation cinema'. With close reference to the opening of the film analyse the techniques he uses to remind ‘us we are watching a movie' From the opening of the film, we can see that Baz Lurhmann uses several techniques such as music, camera angles, set design, costume and lighting, to help create the feeling that we are ‘watching a movie'. He creates this feeling from the idea of making everything unrealistic and stylised, it shows that it could not possibly be real life, therefore reminds ‘us we are watching a movie'. Baz has a wild imagination which is captured in Moulin Rouge; he shows this through techniques such as characterisation, editing, and colour. Even from the very beginning, with the conductor, we can see that the film is unreal. The conductor has theatrical movements which are totally over the top; this does show and remind us that ‘we are watching a movie'. Also the setting of having the large, heavy, red curtain and gold plated frame still gives the ideas of being fantasy and unreal. You can read also Audience Adaptation Paper When we are introduced to Christian, Baz Lurhmann uses several camera techniques to create the stylised effect. He does this when Christian is writing the story; he has a dolly following the text that has been written. It cuts to his face crying and then cuts back to the typewriter. This is emotional; it shows how he is reacting to telling the story of him being in love. The audience are already struck by this and feel as though they already know the character. This helps the film to be â€Å"audience participation cinema†. Whilst Christian is still telling us the beginning of the story and typing, there are cuts of inside Moulin Rouge; this is effective because it simply reminds us that we are watching a movie. Inside the Moulin Rouge, there are bright colours (saturated colour) and vibrant movements but all this is shown through slow motion editing. Outside the Moulin Rouge there is desaturated colour. To end this section of the film, the camera zooms into the words that the character is typing, like a fade or dissolve. When Christian is typing about one year ago, when he first came to Paris, the camera zooms out, rapidly over Paris from his room, and then zooms in to the train station where he is standing. This keeps the audience reminded that the ‘we are watching a movie' because it zooms so rapidly that it's unreal and almost like a dream. There is also a part where is he walking up the to the hillside town of Montmarte the ‘village of sin'. As he walks up there the scenery that he is ‘walking through' is changing. This is obviously unreal and therefore has the same effect of â€Å"watching a movie†. When we first meet the Bohemians' we see different techniques being used. We see Baz Lurhmann using costumes, colour, set design and camera angles in this section. The Bohemians all have different costumes; all their costumes are made of several layers of clothes, with any colour and material. This gives them an idea of them being below people such as Zidler who wears suits. There is an unreal design about them; this reminds us we are â€Å"watching a movie† There is a mid shot, in which we can see all the characters involved with the scene including the unconscious argentine. When they are deciding the lyrics to the song, the camera cuts to all the characters, creates the idea of confusion and hysteria – so many people talking at the same time. We see a close up of Christians face when he bursts into song about the hills being alive with the sound of music. This is very illusory and still reminds us that we are watching a movie. When we first see the Moulin rouge, we see vibrant colours, saturated colours; these stand out well and help illuminate the idea of Moulin Rouge being a theatre – loud, over the top, energetic and alive. The lights and colours are vivid, glitzy and jazzy. Again it has the unreal idea attached to it. Baz Lurhmann didn't want anything to be normal; he wanted wild, lively movements and shots. This again seems unreal and therefore has the stylised approach. Inside the Moulin Rouge it's lively and upbeat, contrast to outside which is dull and boring. Inside there's fast dancing and lots of actions and over the top dance moves. All the characters in Moulin Rouge all have individual identities – dancers, courtesans. They all have their own stage personality and their own costume. This is overwhelming because all the women are over dressed, and area all playing to what the men want. The idea of having all individual costumes to fit the ‘stage' character is effective. We also see characters, inside the night club, of boxers, mermaids, and an even woman with a snake, this is all very unreal and shows that it is too unreal and therefore the audience must be â€Å"watching a movie†. There is a special effect on one section where Zidler does the flips all the way through entrance of the Moulin Rouge to the actual stage area. This is very unreal we can see being super imposed onto the screen but yet it strikes the audience and reminds them about the movie. When Satine retreats from the ceiling, the club turns black. This is to create tension of when she does arrive. Also for lighting the bits of shiny silver sparkle. Satine had an original costume compared to the other girls in the club. Satine wore a diamond outfit – tailed jacket with fishnet tights and a bowler hat. Her lipstick was bright red and it was very feminine. I think that Baz Lurhmann was trying to get across that she was as famous as Marilyn Monroe because she wore that ‘look' too (bus stop look). The swing which she sat on even had diamonds, shows that she better off than the other Moulin Rouge dancers. All the dancers were known as ‘diamond dogs' whereas she was known as ‘the sparkling diamond'. The audience feels they have to watch her because partly of what she is wearing but also because the camera does. And the camera follows her around because she is the centre of attention. Harold Zidler was another colourful character; he wore a bright red jacket, with big boots and white shirts etc. almost like Father Christmas. He had jolly, fluffy hair in forms of a beard and moustache too. The moustache was curled up at the ends; this gave his character more livelihood about him. He looked as though he was the ring master of the circus, in some ways he was. All the costumes were over the top and they all have the unreal attitude with them. This is because they were all original and exaggerated, therefore unreal and stylised. This will remind the audience that what they are watching could not be real life hence it is a movie. The elephant is the centre of the courtyard just outside MR. it's where Satine lives- exclusive and powerful. Its interior is all to do with India – ideas generate for spectacular spectacular. The colours inside the elephant are blues, yellows and reds. Music in the Moulin Rouge was very important. There was always music in the background or the characters were singing a song. Throughout the film music was used in different ways, it created different atmospheres. When Christian first came to Paris and he was talking about never being in love, the music created a comedy effect. Also inside the Moulin Rouge, the music was very upbeat, the can can, it had to be to go with the costumes and dancing, and was a contrast to the music anywhere else in the film. Baz Lurhmann also used different contexts of music, some songs were modern and some were fairly old. The lyrics and songs tell the story of the Moulin Rouge. This is effective because it's different. People don't go around telling stories of their life in song, so this to the audience would remind them that they â€Å"were watching a movie†. Throughout the film there were different genres of music being used. There was hip hop when the dancers all sang Lady Marmalade, rock when Zidler sang the Show must go on, and even pop such as Your Song and Material Girl. All the songs used in the film kept the audience involved and they felt as though they could sing along, which is the audience participating – â€Å"audience participation cinema†. All the techniques that Baz Lurhmann used created the unreal atmosphere that he wanted to create to remind the audience that they were â€Å"watching a movie†. All the elements in each technique was exactly what Baz Lurhmann wanted, when put together all the elements and techniques created an emotional, contrasting film which I thoroughly enjoyed.

Life Alone

â€Å"No one is ever born into Life alone. Everyone has shared the bond of family, at least at birth, and for many people it is a bond that will follow them throughout life†. For many people it is the most important bond of all†. I chose this topic because I thought that it would be cool to take a look at my life story. At first, I thought that this project would be easy but when I thought that I had finished but I had to start it over because it was too short and I didn't have enough information on the topic. Before I did this project I knew that my parents were born in Poland but I didn't know specifically where they were born in Poland. Another thing that I learned, was that a family can be defined in many ways, but the common definition of family is love and being with one another. Lastly, I learned that people want others to rely on, talk to if they need help, do things with, share love, and be part of. The story of my search was very easy because every time I tired to search something on the web then it gave me the answers right away. Also, the story of my search was very easy because for example when I wanted to draw a Polish flag on my tri-fold board or get an image of the national animal or flower, then I just had to search it up on the web and it appeared right away. During the course of this project, I learned that my mom was born in Dabrowa-Tarnowska, Poland and my dad was born in Tarnobrzeg, Poland. Furthermore, while I was doing my project, I learned that Poland has a lot of traditions like, the Marzanna-Burning, the Wet Monday that happens after Easter, the Christmas-Straw under the tablecloth, and many more.

Should Electronic Search Devices Be Used in Airports Essay

Should Electronic Search Devices Be Used in Airports - Essay Example Contrary to the expectations of the airport crew who expected the devices to be universally accepted by the people, they have attracted a lot of criticism instead. Since the introduction of electronic search devices in airports, debates on whether the electronic devices should be used to search people have hit the roof. Some people believe that the use of electronic devices will enhance the security level in airports while others question the social ethical issues that the devices have tagged along with their use. Many airports all around the world have installed body scanners, screening wands and metal detectors that are being used to screen the travelers before they board the airplanes. The move is basically to ensure security in a bid to counter terrorism that has brought safety issues all over the world. This paper will focus on the debate on why electronic search devices should not be used in airports. Why the devices should not be used Scientists have proved that the body scann ers that are being used in airports work under electromagnetic radiation. Being subjected to electromagnetic radiation is risky to travelers with implanted electronic gadgets like implantable cardioverter defibrillators, pacemakers and neurostimulators. The recently introduced electronic search devices impel high radiations of high frequency on the body of the travelers. The radiations penetrate the clothes and are reflected back by the person’s skin to form an image of their body and whatever is in their clothes. There is no telling whether certain amounts of the radiations can penetrate through the human skin and affect implanted medical gadgets. The effect on pacemakers would be temporary disruption of output which could be fatal, hence threatening the right to life on the individuals. Different states should be compelled to protect their citizens by halting the use of these devices (Bloxham, 2010). The body scanners use advanced technology to create the exact images of th e travelers being screened. The crew in the observation rooms in the airports is able to see through travelers clothes. The images created portray the person’s naked body. They are actually able to see a revealing image of the passenger’s private parts. This is an outright invasion of personal privacy. There could even be a chance that the images formed could leak to other sources. For this, the devices should be abolished with immediate effect (Savage, 2010). Seeing that the electronic devices allow the people in the control room to view a vivid image of the passenger’s bodies, they reveal their bodily anomalies that could lead to stigmatization. For instance, a passenger could be having certain body deformations that they are very sensitive about. Revealing these body parts deformations would greatly humiliate them and it is invasive of their privacy. Even if the travelers images are kept private, the psychological effects of knowing that someone somewhere has seen their body anomalies could be too much to bear. The affected people could develop fears to travel if everywhere they go their bodies are viewed. This is an indirect violation of their right to free movement (Savage, 2010). The body scanners were introduced to replace the controversial pat-downs. The perplexing thing is the airports have moved travelers from the frying pan into

The Level of Service Inventory-Revised in Corrections Research Paper

The Level of Service Inventory-Revised in Corrections - Research Paper Example Using this tool, the government and other officials reduce cases of recidivism of certain offences in the society. In addition, through this tool various corrective institutions devise appropriate corrective measures and treatment practices for their inmates. LSI-R is a validated and recognized risk assessment tool that is highly efficient in identifying problem areas in various offenders’ lives. As a result, this tool helps reduce offender’s risk of recidivism. This quantitative survey tool offers offenders’ attributes and problems that are efficient in making vital decisions about relevant supervision and treatment method to be adopted. Furthermore, this instrument is useful in the allocation of various resources that are valid in solving the identified problems. Moreover, The Level of Service Inventory-Revised is a 54-item instrument, which is crucial and useful in assessing offenders across a range of 10 domains (Holsinger, Lowenkamp and Latessa 331). These areas are known to be closely related. This tool involves corrective measure such as prisons rehabilitative intervention that is useful in reducing the probability of offender ever engaging in crime. This practice is not complete without trained assessors. The se assessors examine offenders through interviews and validate the information and data collected through relevant external sources. The overall score from the structured interview and research is then used actuarially to associate the likelihood of reoccurrence of a behavior (Flores et al. 534). The last domain score is the most important since it is used to identify the most promising corrective measure for offenders to reduce and totally eliminate any chances of reoccurrence of a behavior. Due to its efficiency in assessing and predicting the probability of future reoccurrence of behavior, this tool is useful in

Software and Internet Industry in the Global Economy Assignment - 1

Software and Internet Industry in the Global Economy - Assignment Example In the internet industry players like Yahoo, and Bing has majority of market share, especially in search engine segment. Companies like SAP, Oracle, Sage, AG, etc are the successful players in the industry who provide business process solutions in production, marketing, finance, etc (Blythe, 2009). The political and legal factors are the external environmental factors which have a significant impact on the computer software and internet industry. The political factors ascertain the interest or focus of the government towards outsourcing information technology (IT) assistance, software, etc. This also affects the job opportunities and national income. The multinational software and internet companies operate from various countries, and regulations are developed for these companies by the government based on the existing legal framework. These are also known as cyber regulations. Companies failing to abide by the cyber guideline of different countries have also faced penalties like the cancellation of their license to trade in the respective country (Factor, 2013). Google faced pressure from the Department of Justice in order to abandon their search terms, and censor the search results from the Government of China. Apart from this, the demand of the government to abide by the privacy policies were also considered and in 2008, Google started responding to the concerns of the customers by adding a link to the home page that will directly take them to the privacy center and show Google’s policies for privacy and security. The political trend affects the subsidies, tax holiday, or rule relaxations, which also affect the sources of revenue generation for a country. Countries like India outsource maximum IT services for countries like US, UK, or Australia (Google, 2013).Google Inc considers mergers and accusations to be one of the ways to sustain in business. In this process, they purchase DoubleClick for $3.1 billion in 2007 and were also looking forward to buying out SimplyHired (Jackson, 2012).  

Trends in the development of Intel after WW1 Assignment

Trends in the development of Intel after WW1 - Assignment Example In its replacement, he established a Central Intelligence Group to monitor his incoming cables, as well as supervise the duties that were being conducted by the disbanded OSS. The need to have a central intelligence agency led to the increase in missions and capabilities of the CIG. It is worth noting that most of the oversight was conducted by a committee known as the National Intelligence Authority which was made up Secretaries of War, Navy, and State, as well as the chief military adviser of the president. The National intelligence Authority played an integral role in ensuring that the unification process progressed on. Having thoughts of unifying the security system, the brains behind the National Security Act of 1947 strived to create National Security Council, a Secretary of Defense, a Central Intelligence Agency, and a constitutional Joint Chiefs of Staff that was bound by the principles of unity of intelligence, and unity of command. The Act guaranteed that statutory Joint Chiefs of Staff would not use the Prussian-style of leadership by creating an independent air force, and insisting that the CIA should not have law enforcement mandate. Additionally, the Act also dictated that the several divisions of intelligence within civilian departments and the armed forces would remain autonomous to the CIA. The fact that the Directors of the Central Intelligence could not have the full measure of authority to execute their duties has frustrated several of them; thus, leading to several reforms aimed at increasing their powers. These reforms have consistently been pushed forward by the National Security Council; however, they have faced several obstacles. In conclusion, there are several reforms aimed at improving the national intelligence; however, they face challenges since there are senior most people in the security docket who have specific changes that they cannot tolerate. This has led to the production of veto to any

Financial Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Financial Management Principles - Essay Example There a different capital budgeting valuation method that can be used to calculate how profitable a project will be. Four of these methods are payback period, net present value, internal rate of return and modified internal rate of return. The five basic steps on a capital budgeting model are: The Chief Financial Officer of Strident Marks wants to determine the viability of a project he wants to pursue. He applied the four capital budgeting valuation methods to establish financial metrics to arrive a decision. Exhibit A shows the mathematical calculations he performed to arrive at the results. The data he had from the project was an initial investment of $10,000. The project would generate $7500 each year for three consecutive years. The project’s discount rate was 10%. The revenue projections made the assumption that revenue inflows would be generated at the beginning of the year. The payback period analysis concluded that the return of original investment can be achieved in 1.33 years. The payback method is a simplistic method which only calculates the amount of years it takes to recover the original value of cash or assets invested in the project. If two or more projects are compared the project with the lowest time to recover the initial investment would be chosen. A major drawback of this method is that it does not take into consideration time value of money. The net present value (NPV) method application resulted in a value of $8651. This value is a good sign since the general rule to follow is that only projects whose NPV results in a positive total can be accepted. When comparing various projects a manager chooses the one with the highest NPV total. A firm that undertakes a project with a positive NPV improves the position of the stockholders because the project will increase the value of the company (Besley & Brigham). The internal rate

Journal writting ( refer to the attachment) Essay

Journal writting ( refer to the attachment) - Essay Example However, because there was no distinction between ‘work’ time and ‘pleasure’ time, the concept of ‘leisure’ was not introduced until the rise of the city-states of Greece and Rome. Before the age of the Industrial Revolution, ‘leisure’ took the form of education and introspection as it had developed within Greece’s male elite. With industry, a change took place where ‘work’ time was defined, designating non-work time as ‘leisure’. While this worked for a while, women, because they were usually occupied within the home, had no defined period for leisure. As people, men and women, developed their ideas of leisure activities, the cost of leisure began to rise, but could not keep pace with the cost of living. Today, our concepts of leisure involve a great deal of expense, forcing us to continue to work hard during our ‘off’ hours just to keep up with the pace of technology. As a result, leisure is again becoming a missing element of society. While our available time for leisure activities continues to decrease with the increase in the cost of our toys and the decrease in our wages as compared to our living expenses, there is a significant case for the preservation of leisure time. As we struggle to define ourselves, in terms of the I, which is the way we think about ourselves, and the me, which is the way we feel others think about us, we develop a sense of self-esteem, how we feel about who we are (Bolender, 2005). This concept of ourselves is balanced by our realistic idea of ourselves, our ideal interpretation of ourselves, our idea of what we ought to be and our idea of what we don’t want to be. These concepts are all necessarily formed as we interact with others within a free environment in which we can be just who we are rather than attempting to fill some concept of what we should be as in the workplace or other environment. At the same time, how we feel about ourselves, self-esteem, is

A Strategic Alliance of UTV and Disney Case Study

A Strategic Alliance of UTV and Disney - Case Study Example The UTV company was started in 1981 by Screwvala (UTV and Disney). At the time it was India’s first cable TV entity. While the company originally started out for several channels, it would late expand to include international content for channels such as BBC, CNN, and National Geographic. Later ventures in the US and UK markets significantly increased the company’s market share. The company is noted to have three verticals. The first is the company’s television content production; the second is the movie production and distribution; the third is post-production and special effects development. In terms of the company’s business relationship with Disney, the primary concern is with UTV’s Hungama TV. This entity is the company’s kids’ channel – the first of its kind in India. It was strategically hoped that in cooperating with Disney within the confines of Hungama TV, the company would also gain furthered access to international m arkets. Disney is one of the world’s largest and most recognized companies. Since originating over seventy-five years ago, the company has diversified into the major segments of Media Networks, Studio Entertainment, Disney Consumer Products, and Parks and Resorts. Most notably, in 2004 Disney launched a business venture into India. This venture was a major company element, reaching over 107 million homes (UTV and Disney). While Disney controlled Toon Disney and the Disney Channel in the Indian market, they desired to further expand through the acquisition of UTV’s Hungama TV. From Disney’s perspective, the acquisition of Hungama TV would further grant Disney access in the Indian market, as well as give the company increased access to UTV’s many media outlets.

World War 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World War 3 - Essay Example Therefore, he outlined the major factors that would contribute to this war. Thus, according to Mills, the following factors would contribute to the occurrence of the third world war: Power Elites created by the US industrial complex According to C. Wright Mills, the structure of national policy was centered on politics and military supremacy. Therefore, if a country had to achieve economic prosperity, it had to be superior on the war front and in its military organization (Goertzel, 242). Thus, economic prosperity was to be achieved through the assertion of political and military power, instead of applying the economic principles which drive the economy. Therefore, the economic elites who lead major organizations were also the same who drove the political life of both the USA and the USSR, the major rivals in the foreseen war (Goertzel, 242). Making the political power an elite component, where the political and military authority was centered on the economic elite’s point of view posed some war danger. According to Mills, the political, the military and the economic elites shared a common world view (Goertzel, 243).... Mills observed that the elites were using the media as their tool of manipulation and propaganda to mislead the masses, whom they considered inferior. Therefore, with the economic elites at the helm of political and military authority, a devastating war was inevitable (Goertzel, 242). The conspiracy and poor definition of reality According to the Americans, the enemy of the people was Russia. This faulty definition, which substituted the reality with the preconceived notion of a specified enemy, could ultimately cause another devastating war (Goertzel, 241). The actual definition of the enemy is war, since any war, irrespective of the parties involved, has the same damaging effects. Therefore, while the Americans substituted the real definition of the enemy and personalize it to suit their interest, they created an environment for pursuing the wrong target (Goertzel, 243). If the American could perceive war as the common enemy, they would work towards ensuring that no more war could be experienced in the world, owing to the damaging effects caused by the previous world wars. Nevertheless, through the erratic perception of Russia as the enemy, they were determined to continue the warfare until they subdued it (Goertzel, 243). This inevitably made the third World War a reality that could not be escaped. Additionally, the Americans based their arguments on a false premise that peace with the USSR could not be achieved unless through war. This made it clear that the Americans would pursue the Russians. The same case applied for the Russians, who perceived the USA as an aggressive opponent, who could not relent until a war determined who was powerful. This prepared a stage for the most devastating war in the history of the world, which could

“Archetypes for a Contemporary Audience” Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Archetypes for a Contemporary Audience† Essay Myths are an important cultural aspect that were, and are to this day, used commonly to help teach morals and life lessons. Strength, courage, and fortitude are just a few characteristics addressed in mythology. The archetypal layout of an exemplary story is composed of the Twelve Stages. The Twelve Stages of a hero’s journey are the steps every person must take in order to prove one’s self as a hero. Mythical heroes such as Theseus, Sigurd, and Beowulf clearly demonstrate the archetypal qualities of a hero. A typical hero is seen as a morally just individual, with a noticeably ethical intent. An archetypal quality of a hero is moral goodness. The hero is always opposing evil and wrong-doing, while attempting his best to halt it. The hero is selfless always willing to give his life in place of another. A villain, or monster, is the opposed force of the hero, whose intent is solely based around a malicious and self-centered motive. The shadow-self of a character is often portrayed as the villain, or monster, but it has a much greater importance. The shadow-self illustrates the two extremes of a personality. Since the shadow-self is the complete opposite of a character, the good and bad qualities of that character are shown, the shadow self of a character can have both good and bad aspects. When someone is able to control the good aspects of both characters, the individual is able to grow and learn from themselves. The shadow-self is often used in literature, because it is seen as the perfect challenge for the protagonist. An example in literature would be Beowulf and Grendel. Beowulf is a great hero driven by good morals and intentions, while Grendel is a soulless monster living only to cause pain and death. Another example would be Sigurd and Regin. Sigurd is somewhat naive and physically strong, Regin, being the opposite, is extremely intelligent and persuasive, but not physically robust. Monsters are often confused with the shadow-self, but the monster can share similar qualities, values, and goals with the protagonist. Most monsters are shown as creatures, or people, who are not bound by the conforming laws set in place for the average person. In many cases with monsters in literature, there is a figurative veil drawn over them; shrouding them in mystery and uncertainty. These aspects draw people’s fascination by providing the reader with a form of escapism. Thus, allowing the reader to break away from the dull, constant, day-to-day routine of  their lives, and discover a new unfamiliar world. By providing this new reality for the reader the monster’s role in the narrative is greatly enhanced. When combining heroic qualities with villainous attributes, a perfect balance is formed. Most literature contains some manner of conflict between heroes and villains. Without conflict, the story would have no distinguishable design or purpose. Without the purpose or design the story would ramble aimlessly, until a much desired conclusion is reached. This leads back into the balance between hero and villain, because the existence of a hero or villain depends greatly upon the existence of the other. The reason for this is simple, because there is no need for a hero if there is no villain, and the same applies to a villain, who has no hero to rise up against. The voyage and quest of a hero is often riddled with hardship and treachery: Then an old harrower of the dark happened to find the hoard open, the burning one who hunts out barrows, the slick-skinned dragon, threatening the night sky with streamers of fire. People on the farms are in dread of him. He is driven to hunt out hoards under ground, to guard heathen gold†¦ When the dragon awoke, trouble flared again. He rippled down the rock, writhing with anger when he saw the footprints of the prowler who had stolen too close to his dreaming head. So may a man not marked by fate easily escape exile and woe by the grace of God. (Heaney-155) This quote from Beowulf shows that quest for treasure is always challenging. The road to the treasure is filled with tests and confrontations that are put in place to challenge the hero’s skills and knowledge. When the location of the treasure is finally reached, there is always a final obstacle blocking the way of the treasure. A common example of this is a dragon in its lair, sleeping soundly, guarding its treasure from unwanted thieves. Beowulf’s final fight with the dragon is an obvious example. In the story, â€Å"Theseus and the Ariadne Thread† Theseus uses a thread given to him by Ariadne. â€Å"As may be imagined, he made no difficulty about that, and she gave him the clue she had got from Daedalus, a ball of thread which he was to fasten at one end to the inside of the door and unwind as he went on. This he did and, certain that he could retrace his steps whenever he chose, he walked boldly into the maze, looking for the Minotaur.†(â€Å"Theseus† 776) The thread was used to help Theseus remember where he had already been,  and to lead him back to his original starting position, and keep him from getting lost in the maze. A valuable lesson can be learned from this thread, as it symbolizes connection to a person, place, or thing that brings us back to reality, when we are in need of direction. The slaying of the dragon is seen as the overcoming of an obstacle: After what seemed minutes, he thought, I must risk it now. With that he straightened his knees and drove the sword upward with all his force. It tore up through the cloak, through the loose earth, and on with the force of his arm until it buried itself to the hilt. A great cry came from the monster. (Who Are You Quoting Here?) Being able to overcome an obstacle is important, because it allows the person to undergo change and growth. As a contemporary audience we are able to read this, and be able to apply the knowledge gained from reading, in our own lives. The heroic epic poem Beowulf is a remarkable example of archetypes in a story. Beowulf is centered on a Scandinavian hero who is both strong and cunning. Beowulf is the classic hero everyone envisions when they think of a hero. Grendel, Beowulf’s shadow-self, is an obvious archetypal villain. Beowulf’s many quests represent the typical hunt for treasure. Beowulf’s final adventure, which would lead to his death, was by far the most archetypal of all of his endeavors, completing the last few stages of the Hero’s Journey. The poem Beowulf has a lot of psychological depth contained within the story. In preparation for the battle with Grendel’s mother, Beowulf must sink to the bottom of a lake, to get to the underwater lair. Beowulf must sink for hours to get to the bottom, and in doing so, this event displays that Beowulf’s mental strength is just as robust as his physical strength. Once Beowulf reached Grendel’s mother’s lair, Hrunting, a sword that had never failed in battle, was broken when it attempted to pierce the monster’s skin. Beowulf was quick to disarm the sword and reequip with a giant’s  sword, which happened to be conveniently placed in the lair. The significance of this in the story demonstrates the idea that un-useful things should be quickly discarded, as they are only weighing you down. Letting go of things that only slow you down, or hold you back from your true potential, will free you to move forward in your lifes quest. Once an obstacle, or hindrance, in your life is gone, you are able to look for another alternative or way out. The last important archetypal piece in Beowulf is Beowulf’s final fight with the dragon. This fulfills two of the 12 stages: The Resurrection and the Return with the Elixir. When Beowulf defeats the dragon, but is also killed in the process, the resurrection is displayed when Beowulf comes to release his death. When Beowulf realizes his death is upon him he reminisces about his old heroic deeds, and comprehends the valor of his actions. The twelfth stage is exemplified when Wiglaf, the only one of Beowulf’s men who didn’t desert him, retrieves some of the treasure, won by Beowulf, and shows Beowulf the spoils. Finally, when Wiglaf returns to the people and tells them of Beowulf’s death, along with a prediction of the upcoming days, the people fully realize what their leader has done for them, and they feel sorrow and remorse. The works of literature Beowulf, â€Å"Sigurd the Dragon Slayer†, and â€Å"Theseus† still maintain relevance in today’s society. The heroic qualities of these heroes are still admired and sought after by the people of today. Reading these stories will provide the reader with a greater knowledge of how our society bases its morals. The morals of any society are based on the archetype of whom ever that society deems to be the ultimate â€Å"good† example. The age old battle between good and evil is still being fought out in everyday life, and each one of us is a character in the drama of human history. We all need heroes, because we all feel the threat of evil, or villains, in our lives.

The Social Network Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay

The Social Network Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay The movie The Social Network, released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on October 2010 is the best film of 2010 and deserves to be awarded the Oscar for Best Picture category. It is a socially relevant movie that is both informative and philosophical. Based on the real life story of the social networking website Facebook and the lawsuits it had to face, the movie explores the difficulties involved in adoption of new ideas and new technology, and at the same time it explores the emotional imbalances that occur when success happens overnight. Directed by David Fincher, The Social Network stars Jesse Eisenberg as Mark Zuckerberg, the computer programmer who invented Facebook. The screenplay by Aaron Sorkin is based on Ben Mezrichs 2009 nonfiction book The Accidental Billionaires. The movie has so far had stunning reviews, good word of mouth and solid box office and it is time it is honored with the Academy Award for Best Picture of 2010. The Social Network has been nominated for the following categories at the Oscar awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (Jesse Eisenberg), Best Original Score, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor. The Social Network has been continuously receiving constant praises and people are excited about the movie. At the Oscars it faces competition from movies such as The Kings Speech, 127 Hours, Inception, Black Swan, True Grit and The Fighter. I personally feel that the movie would capture the Best Picture award as it has excellent direction by David Fincher, excellent adapted screenplay by Aaron Sorkin and marvelous portrayal of Mark Zuckerberg by Jesse Eisenberg. The movie also has excellent supporting actor cast, editing, score and cinematography. Everything about it is rich and the film can usher in the new generation factor to the Academy Awards as it addresses a very wide audience. The film has already received the Golden Globes award for Best Motion Picture for a drama and its director David Fincher has received the award for Best Director. The Social Network deals with a wide range of themes involving hubris, ambition, friendship, jealousy, class and cultural cache and success as status and revenge. The movie has a very exciting and innovative plot that explores the virtual world where people can become friends or unfriends at the click of a mouse. The plot revolves around Mark Zuckerberg, a Harvard University student at the beginning of the movie and the year is 2003. The movie begins and ends with a subtle reference to Marks love for Erica Albright, giving the movie a poetic character. The movie is fast paced and shows how life and relationships can change dramatically over a short period of 18 months, by success. Mark, infuriated by his girl friend, launches a website called Facemash that would allow his colleagues to rank female students. He thus draws the attention of tech-savvy business people such as the Winklevoss twins and their partner Divya Narendra who invite him to work as the programmer of their website, Harvard Connection and so begins his meteoric rise in the world of networking. He launches The Facebook, a social networking site which soon becomes a global social network and a revolution in communication. Six years later, Mark Zuckerberg finds himself the youngest billionaire in history seated amidst personal and legal complications. David Fincher has directed this movie with technical fastidiousness and textural richness as he skips between two separate depositions using flashback narrative in a clarifying manner. The camera has been skillfully handled by Jeff Cronenweth and the movie has awesome editing and music as well. The special effects of the movie blend with the movie seamlessly so much so they are almost unnoticeable. Good contrast is shown between the Harvard walk shown in the opening credits and the regatta sequence. While the first is shown smooth and rich, the latter sequence looks miniaturized. This contrast fits with the differing moods in the two scenes. The movie is also excellent in cinematography and editing. In the context of Visual Effects, it is really amazing to see Armie Hammer two roles as the two Winklevoss twins. The dialogues are smart and witty. The Social Network movie is truly a masterpiece. It is a movie with an innovative theme that is well crafted with an intelligent screenplay and meaningful in the present day society. Even the film review site Rotten Tomatoes has given the move a perfect 100% and it is only fair that the Academy takes note of it. The Social Network has also been a box office success and any movie of such depth that also appeals to the masses is definitely worth recognition. The movie is one that the world of today can identify itself with the changing styles of communication and its impact on relationships. Also it emphasizes how ego and selfishness arise with the arrival of money. Mark Zuckerberg is well portrayed in a movie as a smart man who is yet in some ways dumb. Sitting before his computer, he is very active and enthusiastic, but he is always struggling in the social context. Jesse Eisenbergs performance is fantastic as he shows very well the feeling of ease before the computer and the sense of being lost when amidst social confrontations. He does not show his discomfort only by his facial expressions. Rather he shows it with his overall body language and attitude that the people around him are infuriatingly illogical. What makes his character interesting is that he is unable to relate to people on a emotional level though he understands their needs and wants in the social networking world with great sensitivity. The first scene is particularly noteworthy. Mark talks about a wide range of topics that his girl friend finds difficult to follow. However, he is offended at his girl friends suggestion that he should choose to enter the club that is easiest t o enter and unaware, he insults his girl friend by her by telling her that she is going only to Boston University. This scene shows Mark is a mercurial character who is not aware of his own elitist attitude and bad behavior. He also has difficulty communicating with Eduardo. Jess Eisenberg clearly showing that he is a man of tunneled vision, blind to the feelings of the people close to him. Eisenberg, with his astute performance allows the viewers to get glimpse of an emotionally distant man who has a keen intellect and a great passion for work. The movie has the ability to excite, inform and entertain at the same time and is appealing to both technical and non-technical viewers. The movie addresses the technical aspects of how the networking site came into being and also how corruption and greed enter peoples lives along with money in a very simple manner. This movie has made pioneering efforts to explore the virtual world through the character of Mark Zuckerberg who is enigmatic. With such great qualities, the movie The Social Network is definitely the Best Picture of 2010.

Scientific Knowledge Not Like Other Forms Of Knowledge

Scientific Knowledge Not Like Other Forms Of Knowledge The argument that science possesses some inherent features not possessed by other disciplines, thus making scientific knowledge distinct from other forms of knowledge has long been debated by philosophers of science. Instinctively, when questioned, the layman may propose that what distinguishes scientific knowledge from other disciplines are the fundamental principles of scientific experimentation, hypothesis testing and theory construction and that the aim of science is ultimately to understand, explain and consequently predict the world in which we inhabit. However, can scientific knowledge really be distinguished from other forms of knowledge on the basis of these features alone? The nature of philosophy of science is to determine what constitutes a science, therefore what common feature all the disciplines purporting to fall under the umbrella of science share that makes them a distinctive form of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to examine scientific knowledge and compare it with other forms of knowledge in terms of the methodologies they employ, and the rational behind the knowledge. As Okasha (2002) articulated, it is implausible to argue that scientific knowledge is distinct from other forms of knowledge purely on the basis that the aim of science is to comprehend and explain worldly phenomena since this aim is surely shared by all disciplines. Intuitively, one might argue that scientific knowledge can be demarcated from other disciplines by the methodology utilised by scientists to progress scientific explanation, which predominantly resides in the implementation of empirical investigation, theory construction and hypothesis testing. However, as Haack (2003) highlighted, controlled experiments, for example, often thought of as distinctive of the sciences, are not utilised by all scientists, nor are they only utilised by scientists. Whilst astronomers and evolutionary theorists rely on observational methods rather than empirical testing, it is arguable that people such as mechanics and plumbers do utilise methods more akin to the standard scientific means. In f act, as Haack (2003) asserted, what distinguishes science from other disciplines is not that science relies on a distinct methodology, but rather that scientists have merely extended and refined the resources utilised by ordinary people in everyday empirical inquiry, of which we all partake in. In concurrence, Sokal (2008) emphasised that the use of the term science should therefore not be limited to the natural sciences but should include investigations aimed at acquiring accurate knowledge of factual matters relating to any aspect of the world by using rational empirical methods analogous to those routinely employed in the natural sciences. This supports the notion proposed by Huxley that the man of science simply uses with scrupulous exactness the method of which we all habitually and at every minute use carelessly. All empirical inquirers, whether they be molecular biologists, sociologists, historians or detectives, make informed conjectures about the possible explanation of the phenomena that concerns them, examine how well these conjectures stand up to evidence they already have and any further evidence they can obtain and then use their judgement to determine whether to continue to support their original conjecture, modify or reject it. Hence, scientific knowledge cannot be distinguished from other forms of knowledge on the basis of the methodology that it employs since science is not in possession of a special method of inquiry unavailable to historians or detectives or indeed the layman. The methods of certain scientific endeavours may be more refined and exact than for other forms of investigations, however, as Sokal (2008) emphasised, methods of inquiry must be adapted to the subject matter at hand. The underlying principles of scientific inquiry as opposed to other rational inquiry that relies on empirical methods are ultimately the same. What then can distinguish scientific knowledge from alternative types of knowledge? Popper (1972) made a strong case for the notion that whilst some empirical testing conducted in science or indeed in other forms of rational inquiry is genuinely empirical, some disciplines purporting to fall under the umbrella of science rely on methods that are arguably non-empirical or even irrational and pseudo-empirical and that whilst they utilise methods which appeal to observation and experimentation, nevertheless they do not meet the scientific standards. Popper (1972) highlighted cases of supposed pseudo-scientific theories, such as Freuds psychoanalysis theory and Alders individual psychology theory as providing evidence for this stance, arguing that they had more in common with myths than with science whilst seemingly possessing strong explanatory powers. He argued that the fact that any behaviour observed could be explained by these theories, although used to bolster credibility for the t heories, was in fact their biggest weakness since no conceivable behaviour could contradict them and therefore the theories were non-testable and ultimately non-falsifiable. He argued that it is easy to obtain confirmations for any theory if we seek confirmations and that confirming evidence should not count except when it is the result of a genuine test of the theory which means that it can be presented as a serious but unsuccessful attempt to falsify the theory. Popper emphasised that whilst the procedure of making a theory such as Freuds psychoanalysis theory compatible with any possible course of events is always possible, and the theory can be rescued from refutation, the price is that its scientific status is significantly reduced. Significantly, however, Popper was not saying that non-falsifiable theories and therefore knowledge based on non-falsifiable claims do not have significance or their place. Rather, that many of the non-testable theories such as the psychoanalytical or individual psychology approaches to human understanding are analogous with myths, and historically nearly all scientific theories have been borne out of myths therefore a myth may contain important anticipations of science theories. Thus, if a theory is found to be non-scientific or metaphysical as it cannot be falsified it cannot be labelled as insignificant in terms of its value to knowledge but it cannot claim to be supported by empirical evidence in a scientific sense. Therefore, religion, whilst not falsifiable since it is not possible to prove whether God exists, is still a valuable discipline. One caveat to Poppers (1972) criterion of demarcation however, expressed by Okasha (2002) is that whilst Popper criticised, for example, Marxists for explaining away data that appeared to conflict with their theories, rather than accepting that the theories had been refuted, it would seem that this procedure may be routinely used in the field of science. For example, Adams and Leverrier in 1846, determined the existence and location of the planet Neptune by utilising Newtons theory of gravity despite the fact that it had made an incorrect prediction about the orbit of Uranus and had therefore been falsified. Rather than concluding that Newtons theory was completely inaccurate, they continued to advocate the theory and attempted to explain away the conflicting observations regarding Uranus by postulating a new planet, thus demonstrating that even falsified theories can lead to important scientific discoveries. Hence, whilst Poppers argument is initially strong it is somewhat flawed. I t is still essential for scientific knowledge to be based on evidence that has been stringently tested against a clearly defined set of principles, which arguably makes scientific knowledge distinct from other knowledge such as theological knowledge that is not based on such stringent evidence, however scientific knowledge and other forms of knowledge cannot be distinguished purely on the bases of whether the theories they originate from are falsifiable or not since some scientific theories when falsified are still utilised to progress knowledge. Therefore, in terms of science and religion, it is possible to distinguish between the two in terms of the methods of study and how knowledge is acquired, i.e. knowledge derived from empirical testing as opposed to personal beliefs, however it is not possible to distinguish between these two knowledge bases on the fact that scientific knowledge can be falsified whereas religious beliefs cannot since not all scientific knowledge can be. The process of reasoning on which scientific knowledge is based can also be compared with the reasoning behind other forms of knowledge. As Okaska (2002) articulated, scientific knowledge is largely based upon the process of inductive reasoning whereby scientists move from premisses about objects they have examined to conclusions about objects they have not examined. An example of this would be found in the study of Downs Syndrome, in which geneticists have established that sufferers have 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46. In order to determine this, a large number of sufferers have been examined and in each case the additional chromosome has been found. Therefore, it has been concluded that having this additional chromosome causes Downs Syndrome. However, this is an inductive inference as not all Downs Syndrome sufferers have been tested for the chromosome and therefore the geneticists have moved from the premises about the sufferers they have examined to conclusions about suf ferers they have not examined. It is possible that another explanation could be equally plausible. Scientists heavily rely on inductive reasoning wherever they move from limited data to a more general conclusion. It is arguable that other forms of knowledge as well as scientific forms of knowledge are largely based on inductive reasoning. In fact, we use inductive reasoning in everyday life and our common sense is built on inductive reasoning as highlighted by Haack (2003). However, there are forms of knowledge which do not rely on inductive reasoning, namely religion and theology. According to Haack (2003), unlike religion, science is not primarily a body of belief, but rather a federation of kinds of inquiry. Scientific inquiry relies on experience and reasoning and the sciences have developed many ways to extend the senses and enhance our powers of reasoning but they require no additional kinds of evidential resource beyond these, which are also the resources on which everyday empirical inquiry depends. Religion, on the other hand, is not primarily a kind of inquiry but a body of belief based on personal commitment. Unlike religion, theology is a form of inquiry. Unlike scientific inquiry however theology welcomes and indeed seeks supernatural explanations, explanations in terms of Gods making things so. Furthermore theology usually calls on evidential resources beyond sensory experience and reasoning and most importantly on religious experience and the authority of revealed texts. As Sokal (2008) highlighted, unlike scientific reasoning that is based on facts, theological reasoning stems from the notion that the holy scriptures provide the answers to life and when asked how it can be known that this evidence is accurate, the answer given is because the holy scriptures say it is. Thus theology is subject to circular reasoning and so unlike scientific inquiry; according to Haack (2003) theological inquiry is discontinuous with everyday empirical inquiry both in the kinds of explanations in which is traffics and in the kinds of evidential resource or method on which it calls. However, debate looms large over the nature of inductive reasoning, and whether in fact it is merely a form of circular reasoning itself. Hume (1739) argued that induction cannot be rationally justified at all since it invokes the uniformity of nature which is the assumption that unexamined objects will be similar to examined objects. According to this we cannot assume that past experiences will be a reliable guide to the future and to argue that induction is trustworthy because it has worked up until now is to reason in an inductive manner. The uniformity of nature cannot be tested empirically either since this would require inductive reasoning. Hume emphasised that our inductive inferences rest on an assumption about the world for which we have no good grounds and therefore postulated that our confidence in induction is just blind faith. Therefore, arguably if this were the case then science is like religion and theology after all in that it is based on reasoning that can never be proved. However, there are many caveats to Humes theory. As Strawson emphasised, induction is so fundamental to how we think and reason that it is no the sort of thing that should and could be justified as induction is one of the standards we use to decide whether claims about the world are justified. Furthermore, the notion of probability would suggest that there is weight in our inductive reasoning, and therefore since scientific knowledge is founded on objective empirical evidence, it is arguable that the reasoning behind science is more trustworthy that that of religion which is subjective in nature. In conclusion, intuitively scientific knowledge is a distinctive form of knowledge; however, under closer examination it is evident that similarities do exist. The reasoning behind predominantly all scientific knowledge, like the majority of other disciplines and our everyday inquiry, is inductive in nature, which raises the question as to whether any scientific knowledge can ever be proven. Furthermore, whilst science depends on the scientific method of experimentation, theory construction and hypothesis testing, as Haack (2003) emphasised, these methods are by no means exclusive to science. Rather, scientific inquiry should be seen as continuous with everyday inquiry, although somewhat more refined and other disciplines should be equally able to utilise the scientific method. Whilst methodology may differ between disciplines, the underlying concept that the inquiry must be rational for the knowledge obtained to be credible is inherent in most disciplines akin with science. As Chalm ers (1999) argued, there is a false assumption that there is a universal scientific method to which all forms of knowledge should conform however as Feyerabend (1975) argued, defenders of science typically judge it to be superior to other forms of knowledge without adequately investigating these other forms. He postulated that there can never be a decisive argument in favour or science over other forms of knowledge that are incommensurable with it and that if scientific knowledge is to be compared with other forms of knowledge then it will be necessary to investigate the nature, aims and methods of science and those other forms of knowledge by utilising methods such as by studying historical texts, records, original papers, letters, private conversations and so on, rather than simply by utilising scientific methods. In concurrence with Haack (2003) and Sokal (2008), Chalmers (1999) also emphasised that other forms of knowledge should not conform to the rules of logic stipulated by s cience and therefore pseudo-science and disciplines such as Marxism should not be rejected as implausible on the grounds that they do not conform to the preconceived notion of the scientific method. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, intuitively scientific knowledge is a distinctive form of knowledge; however, under closer examination similarities exist. The reasoning behind predominantly all scientific knowledge, like the majority of other disciplines and our everyday inquiry, is inductive in nature. Furthermore, whilst science depends on experimentation, theory construction and hypothesis testing, as Haack (2003) emphasised, these methods are by no means exclusive to science. Scientific inquiry is seemingly continuous with everyday inquiry, although somewhat more refined. Whilst methodology may differ between disciplines and some theories may be more testable than others, the underlying concept that the inquiry must be rational for the knowledge obtained to be credible is inherent in most disciplines akin with science.

Twilight Bella Swan and Edward Cullen :: twlight, love,

Is love at first sight possible? Is love and discontent possible at first sight? How can two people that have such discontent for each other fall in love? In the book and film Twilight Bella Swan and Edward Cullen both certainly did. They were drawn to each by curiosity and beauty. Curiosity drew them together, but they did not like each other very much in the beginning. They both ended up having a deep longing to be with one another and could not imagine being apart. In the book and movie Twilight, Bella was a girl who moved from hot sunny Arizona to basically a dark and rainy place called Forks Washington. She moved there because her mother and her mother’s new husband went on the road for a while. She didn’t like forks, in fact she hated it. But she moved there none the less allowing her mother to have time alone with her new husband. She moved with her father to Forks whose name was Charlie. She hadn’t gone to Forks for a visit since she was 14. The first time she saw Edward Cullen was in the cafeteria at school. He had reddish brown hair. He was beautiful and perfect. He had two â€Å"foster† sisters and two â€Å"foster† brothers as well who were perfect She couldn’t help to look at him more than once but did not want to appear that she was starring. He looked at her with somewhat of a smile on his face and then with a look of curiosity. The second time she saw Edward was quite different. It was biology class when Bella saw Edward next. She was seated next to him by the teacher. Edward looked at her with hostility and anger. He continued to stare at her the entire length of the class. His eyes were black. He appeared as though something smelled bad so Bella discreetly sniffed herself thinking perhaps she smelled badly. Feeling uncomfortable, she hid behind her hair trying not to look at him for the remainder of the class. Before class was over she looked at him one last time. His eyes were full of revulsion as if he literally wanted to kill her.

A Movement Away From Colloquial Singapore English :: Singapore Language Papers

A Movement Away From Colloquial Singapore English ‘The need for intelligibility and the need for identity often pull people – and countries – in opposing directions. The former motivates the learning of an international language, with English as the first choice in most cases; the latter motivates the promotion of ethnic language and culture’ (David Crystal, 1997). Language planning policies in Singapore have often been characterised by the ‘desire to achieve a balance between the national pride of linguistic ownership and the need for international intelligibility’ (Khoo 1993: 67). This is evident, for instance, in the state’s current move to promote the use of Standard English (particularly the variety known as Standard Singaporean English, or SSE) and to discourage that variety known as Colloquial Singapore English (CSE, or Singlish as it is popularly known), although in this case, the state’s ‘desire to achieve a balance’ between intelligibility and identity appears to be one involving conflict rather than compromise – one in which these two principles (embodied by SSE and CSE respectively) appear to be opposing linguistic forces, and in which the former appears to be espoused and the latter (at least in the case of CSE, though not that of the ethnic ‘mother tongues’) denigrated. T his essay will study whether (and if so, why) these two principles are truly opposed to each other, as seemingly implied by both the David Crystal quotation and the English language policy in Singapore, and in what way the application of these principles may result (as stated in the Crystal quotation) in the ‘pulling apart’ of people and countries, especially in the sense of socio-economic inequality and marginalisation on both international and intra-national levels; and all these will in turn be related to the present-day situation in Singapore. At first sight, the need for identity and intelligibility appear to be irreconcilable on a linguistic level, the former requiring the adherence to a dominant language variety (such as Standard English) as well as its set of linguistic norms in order for speakers to maintain mutual comprehension, and thus implicitly demanding the non-usage or even abandonment of alternate varieties (Leith and Graddol, 1996: 139); the latter demanding, by contrast, the use of languages or varieties apart from this dominant variety as a way of identifying with one’s culture and distinguishing it from the rest (Crystal 1997: 133–134) – languages and varieties that are, however, incomprehensible to a large proportion of the world population and will therefore (as some perceive: e. A Movement Away From Colloquial Singapore English :: Singapore Language Papers A Movement Away From Colloquial Singapore English ‘The need for intelligibility and the need for identity often pull people – and countries – in opposing directions. The former motivates the learning of an international language, with English as the first choice in most cases; the latter motivates the promotion of ethnic language and culture’ (David Crystal, 1997). Language planning policies in Singapore have often been characterised by the ‘desire to achieve a balance between the national pride of linguistic ownership and the need for international intelligibility’ (Khoo 1993: 67). This is evident, for instance, in the state’s current move to promote the use of Standard English (particularly the variety known as Standard Singaporean English, or SSE) and to discourage that variety known as Colloquial Singapore English (CSE, or Singlish as it is popularly known), although in this case, the state’s ‘desire to achieve a balance’ between intelligibility and identity appears to be one involving conflict rather than compromise – one in which these two principles (embodied by SSE and CSE respectively) appear to be opposing linguistic forces, and in which the former appears to be espoused and the latter (at least in the case of CSE, though not that of the ethnic ‘mother tongues’) denigrated. T his essay will study whether (and if so, why) these two principles are truly opposed to each other, as seemingly implied by both the David Crystal quotation and the English language policy in Singapore, and in what way the application of these principles may result (as stated in the Crystal quotation) in the ‘pulling apart’ of people and countries, especially in the sense of socio-economic inequality and marginalisation on both international and intra-national levels; and all these will in turn be related to the present-day situation in Singapore. At first sight, the need for identity and intelligibility appear to be irreconcilable on a linguistic level, the former requiring the adherence to a dominant language variety (such as Standard English) as well as its set of linguistic norms in order for speakers to maintain mutual comprehension, and thus implicitly demanding the non-usage or even abandonment of alternate varieties (Leith and Graddol, 1996: 139); the latter demanding, by contrast, the use of languages or varieties apart from this dominant variety as a way of identifying with one’s culture and distinguishing it from the rest (Crystal 1997: 133–134) – languages and varieties that are, however, incomprehensible to a large proportion of the world population and will therefore (as some perceive: e.

Dry White Season Summary Essay

Summary – â€Å"Dry White Season† Adam Simon – CGW 4U1 Dry White Season was what I felt to be an exemplary interpretation of how native South Africans truly condemned the immoral Apartheid political system of the mid 1900’s. Though the film was quite graphic, explicit nature seemed necessary to prove how racial brutality towards the black community really did exist. I enjoyed the whole idea of a narrow-minded white man making the transition from a life of socially superior racial prejudice to become a devoted supporter of black rights. I found this really helped create a strong liberal message to aid viewers in understanding the sick intolerance of the majority of white South Africans at that time. Racial separation was clearly evident to me while watching this video, as I noticed blacks being forced into their own â€Å"homelands† which retained a much more compact living than the whites, as well as Afrikaans being sub-divided into smaller ethnic groups to make whites appear to be the largest authority in South Africa. Blacks outnumbered whites 6 : 1) I think A Dry White season illustrated very well how the whites compromised such a small portion of the country, yet ultimately dominated the South African government, recourses, and economy. I really liked the use of indirect symbols to cleverly make points throughout the movie. For example, the white boy and the black boy happily playing together in the beginning was a interesting way to foresee an ideal future for South Africa that was obviously non-existent at that time. Also, Susanne slipping on her sunglasses was a clever way to show how whenever she was given opportunity to contradict the Apartheid, she simply ignored it. This represented her blindness from the truth well, and how she was ultimately hiding from the light of reality. The film became somewhat predictable as we were given more and more insight into each character though. All main characters seemed to follow the generic arrangement that is seen in various other stories that result in a strictly complete and final moral. Benjamin is the hero; the incoherent individual that learns an unpleasant lesson due to one event that changed the course of all events prior, (Gordon’s death) Captain Stoltz was the villain; the sadistic, power hungry oppressor with manipulative ways that ended up determining his fate, Johan represented the loyal and resourceful character that led the viewer to believe there was a shed of hope throughout any struggle, and Stanley was the character I’ve seen way too often, the random bystander that provides the cathartic release by ultimately giving the villain what he deserved. Despite some predictable qualities, the characters were still interesting. I thought Donald Sutherland played the part of Benjamin superbly. His air of seriousness and integrity really keep me interested in his character. Sure, he was naive before the death of Gordon, and it was â€Å"best to just let it go† at first, but he grew from being pessimistic and cynical, to an entirely optimistic, likeable person to me the end by going neck deep into the mystery of Gordon‘s disappearance. My favourite character of all though, was no doubt Mr. McKenzie. Though he only was vaguely present, he absolutely dominated the screen during the courtroom trial. I found his use of sarcastic remarks in the courtroom hilarious, yet so fittingly applicable to his realist character. He clearly is a trail blazer in the sense that he is a white man fighting for black rights, yet he does so anyways, just to wittingly prove his point so well. This film helped me see how cynical the South African government really was. Their response to any criticism was basically that they had their own right to pursue its own domestic policy as it sees fit. I though it was interesting how South Africa was also quick to point out how blacks in South Africa had the highest standard of living amongst all blacks in Africa. It’s ironic that they do not admit that this is still an absolute garbage living standard, and blacks here were still innocently imprisoned and couldn’t even educate themselves in English to gain better chances at surviving in the workforce. Countries like Canada could do a number of things to show their unacceptance of Apartheid policies. First, they could employ trade sanctions against South Africa and refuse to remove these sanctions until all Apartheid policies were destroyed. Also, they could remove South Africa from major events such as the Olympics (recently in Vancouver, Canada) and furthermore decline their entry until these policies are abolished. Canadian business people, activists and clergy also played parts in bringing about all-race elections in 1994, and a surprisingly peaceful end to apartheid. I think Canada is also involved in major discussion at UN and related meetings, which allows them to converse with other countries along with adding innovating suggestions of their own, to help diminish racist policies altogether. As a whole, after seeing this movie for the second or third time now, I can honestly say I have a sincere appreciation for what black South Americans went though in the apartheid times, and that I entirely oppress any association with these obscene policies.

Overpopulation: The Underlying Cause of Most Environmental Issues Katie Caputo Essay

There atomic issue forth 18 so some environmental materialisations that argon change the entire globe today. People actually some(prenominal) speak of environmental issues as if they ask no control everywhere fashioning them better or worse, however, environmentalists tang that numerous if not exclusively of the environmental problems that we ar facing be either caused or exacerbated by nation growth (West, 2009). That representation that mess themselves atomic number 18 the very adepts causing harm to the environment. What we do or assumet do near the issue of all over tribe go forth determine the very pctage of the environment in the succeeding(a). This presents the command for respectable decision qualification.Global environmental problems are honorable problems (Brown, 2009). Each and every mortal has a honourable and ethical certificate of indebtedness toward the environment, the problem is that volume often omit that function, especially when it presents another(prenominal)(prenominal) ethical predicaments. de restrictionate Ethics To begin, I would like to pay off ethics. A definition shitn from the bailiwick Academy of Engineering offers ethics is concern with what is right or wrong, good or bad, fair or unfair, responsible or irresponsible, obligatory or permissible, praiseworthy or blameworthy (2006).So what does ethics throw a steering to do with over state and other environmental issues? If we nourish a go at it that overpopulation is the direct cause of m whatsoever of the environmental issues that are put oning the entire globe, ethically, it is our right as adult males to come up with a solution to the problem. Population harvest-home Over-population is the term that refers to a condition by which the population density enlarges to a limit that provokes the environmental deterioration, a remarkable blood line in the quality of career or a population collapse (Biology console Organization, 2003).In some 1963, the world(prenominal) enjoin of human population growth peaked, yet the number of people living on Earth has grown by much than devil-thirds since then, topping out at over 6. 6 sensation cardinal million million million today (West, 2009). every year, much(prenominal) than 81 million people add to the world-wide population. Every 10 historic period al just some one cardinal inhabitants are added to the worlds population (BCO, 2006). By the year 2050, the human population is evaluate to exceed nine billion (West, 2009). What affect does this bewilder on the environment? shew of Over-population Global WarmingGlobal calefacient is considered to be one of the top environmental issues today. Scientists mother determined that it is mostly human activities that are contri anding to global warming by adding excessive mensurations of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. greenhouse gases, much(prenominal) as carbon dioxide, collect in the atmosphe re and trap stir up that would normally exit into outer space. some(prenominal) greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to create the greenhouse rig that withholds the Earth warm enough to stay life, but it is human use of dodo fuels that cause the excess greenhouse gases.By driving cars, using electricity from coal- harryd ability plants, or heating our homes with oil or natural gas, we release carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere (West, 2009). De timbreation Deforestation is another environmental issue and is a implying(a) source of greenhouse gases because fewer trees mean less carbon dioxide conversion to oxygen. The most authorised direct causes of deforestation imply logging, the conversion of forested lands for agriculture and cattle-raising, urbanization, tap and oil exploitation, acid rain and fire ( humanness Rain Forest Movement, 1998).Deforestation and forest degradation occurs both in Yankee and Southern countries and its underlying causes also cast in both, although with varying degrees of responsibility. Industrialized countries open not barely cut bug out or degraded their own forests in the past some(prenominal) are relieve doing so today. This occurs either through large-scale clear-cutting (as in some(prenominal) areas of Canada, the US or Australia) or through the thinning and and then degradation of forests, reducing them to a few commercially valuable species at the expense of biodiversity (such as in Sweden, France or Finland) (World rain forest Movement, 1998).The root of the problem is onerous to keep up with the demand of the ever-growing population. Biodiversity Biodiversity is defined by the chapiter Biodiversity Council as the full orbital cavity of life in all its forms (2003). Biodiversity spillage is largely a result of deforestation. The intercontinental rate of extinction of plant and animal species is estimated to be 10,000 times as quick as it was in prehistor ic times, with more than 27,000 species becoming extinct every year.An representative of the loss of biodiversity due to overpopulation is seen in the subject of Washington. Washington is one of the most biologically diverse states in the union. This is due to the states diverse topography, its expo surely to peaceable Ocean currents and weather patterns, and its location on the migratory path of many wildlife species. Washington, in fact, contains most of the major ecosystem types entrap in the western United States, including two found nowhere else in the world the prodigious rainforest and channeled scablands. However, since statehood in 1889, Washington has broken an estimated 70 percent of its estuarine wetlands, 50 percent of its riparian habitat, 90 percent of its old-growth forest, and 70 percent of its native shrub-steppe and dried-out grasslands (Washington Biodiversity Council, 2003). As the smallest and second most densely populated of the rapidly growing westbo und states, Washingtons population in 2008 was 6. 5 million according to the U. S. nosecount Bureau, and is expected to add over 21 percent by the year 2020 (2009).This puts Washington in great danger of losing much of its diversity of plant and animal life within the next few decades. Although scientists are not fully aware of all the consequences of the continual loss of biodiversity, they do hold up that a diversity of healthy, functioning ecosystems is congenital to the environment. Water Shortages As we in pissing-rich countries take our daily showers, pissing the lawn or laze about in the pool, its open to for evolve that fresh water is a life-or-death issue in many parts of the world.Of a population of more or less 6. 1 billion, more than 1 billion lack access to potable water. The World Health Organization theorises that at any time, up to half of humanity has one of the six main diseases such as diarrhea, schistosomiasis, or trachoma, or infestation with ascaris, guinea worm, or hookworm which are associated with scummy inebriation water and inadequate sanitation. more or less 5 million people give each year from poor drinking water, poor sanitation, or a drear home environment, often resulting from water deficit (University of Wisconsin, 2001).The water shortages are becoming more and more evident all over the world. For example Mexico City (home to 20 million people) is sinking because the city sucks out undercover water faster than the aquifer bottomland be refilled Florida indigences to refill its over wield aquifer with untreated surface water, despite federal regulations to the contrary Texas is moving toward private, for-profit water sales. The water leave alone be mined from aquifers that are disappearing fast. No word on what the private suppliers, including corporate raider T. Boone Pickens, ordain do once the aquifers run dry.Aquifers around the world are beingness over tapped for irrigated agriculture, which fills a bout 40 percent of the global larder The Bush Administration has reclusive a proposed tightening of the arsenic standardized for drinking water. Critics say the old rule, dating to 1942, could throw overboard thousands of cases of basecer and other diseases. Meanwhile, in Bangladesh, whats been called the largest poisoning of a population in history has 35 to 77 million people drinking arsenic-laced water and last but not least, a showdown is looming over the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which originate in flop, then water both Syria and Iraq.If Turkey goes ahead with a series of dams, the downstream nations could starve. There are projections that three billion people, half of todays population, will be short of water in 2025 (University of Wisconsin, 2001). Some Recommended Solutions for Overpopulation Being that this issue is one of such great importance, we need to be proactive at finding some kind of solution. There absorb been many different ideas that afford been prese nted to try to exact the population under control however, gum olibanum far, most of the ideas have been just that- ideas, with no definite plan of action.Some of the proposed solutions, to account a few, have been making sure people around the world have access to family planning services empowering women in developing countries economically, socially, and legally in a manner that results in them having an equal say (with their husbands) in reproductive decisions modifying school curricula to implicate information on population levels and implications for the future reforming tax laws in a way that encourages couples to have no more than two children. They would yet be able to have as many kids as they want, but the tax code would no interminable subsidize more than two) (Jeantheau, 2005). The Need for respectable Decision-Making People tend to be very opposed to the thought of their freedom being imposed upon, especially when it deals with the hail of children that they ca n or cannot have. Many people will argue from a religious standpoint that God specifically says in the tidings to multiply and subdue the demesne. Some feel that the use of birth control is wrong and against sacred scripture principles. The problem is that people do not want to do anything else about the issues at hand either.For example If we were still living the way our ancestors did the amount of people living on the human beings would not be a problem. Unfortunately, we are polluting the earth with our technology and over consuming our resources. So the argument can also be presented to those against birth control for religious purposes, that the Bible also says that we should not be gluttonous. barely again humans tend to want what they want when they want it. Most only keep the Bible principles that suit them. In any case, as in many ethical problems we are faced with a moral quandary.A moral dilemma is best described as when two or more obligations are in conflict. Th e crucial features of a moral dilemma are these the component is required to do each of two (or more) actions the agent can do each of the actions but the agent cannot do both (or all) of the actions. The agent gum olibanum seems condemned to moral intermiture no calculate what she does, she will do something wrong (or fail to do something that she ought to do) (McConnell, 2006). When presented with a moral dilemma, we need to decide which obligation is most of import and give preference to the more important one.Unfortunately, when contemplating any solution for an issue such as overpopulation, we are going to be faced with moral dilemmas. Now we have to choose the lesser of two evils. Should we send birth control even though it violates our moral principles or continue to allow the population to grow to numbers that the earth cannot sustain? Should we object to abortion when a char does not want to have a child? Abortion may violate our own personal beliefs however, if it is what the woman wants for herself and it will surely decrease the number of people being added to our population, shouldnt we have that decision?Utilitarians view the best moral decision to be the one that brings about the maximum amount of pleasures and the least amount of suffering. They do not make decisions ground on their own self-centeredness, they insist that the joys and sorrows of others must(prenominal) be part of the calculation (when making any ethical decision) (Waller, 2008). So, from the utilitarian standpoint, trying to find an answer to slowing the population growth would not be an impingement or a violation of ones rights, it would be welcomed to lessen the amount of suffering that is caused by the issue of overpopulation.In the very near future, we will have no choice but to make some very important decisions as to what we will do about the issues that pestis the environment. Again, environmental problems are indeed ethical problems. The only way that thing s will get better in our environment is if we get the rate of growth of the human population under control. We can no time-consuming ignore the moral and ethical responsibility that we as humans have toward the environment, disregarding of the ethical dilemmas that we are presented with.

Police Psychology Essay

A number of methods of learning are available. Studies have shown that most concourse learn beat if the information is presented in more than one format. Because the natural law officers involved in the crisis prevention volition at long last be involved in real-life guarantor situations, it is really important that they learn the information soundly. The readiness allow for involve a forty hour training, which will take place over a induce week. The training would involve all staff that would in few government agency be involved with a hostage crisis. This would complicate the law who would respond scratch to the scene, specialists who would be called in, and dispatchers who take the calls for help.The first day of training would be in oral format. The information would include an introduction of the persona of crisis and the basics on the type of flock who would be involved (nervous, stressed, frightened, volatile people, who inquire to be handled genuinely car efully), types of situations, potential places and victims. To get affaire experienced legal philosophy officers would be encouraged to tin insights on real- life situations and the group could problem earn how to respond.The second day would be watching depiction trainings of actual situations, and then having question and answers over how they were handled and the come outcomes. The trine day the group would be divided into dwarfish groups. Each group would be given a situation (domestic disturbance with the father holding the family hostage or five armed gunmen in an basal school). Each group would decide the better way to handle the situation, and then the entire group would cover all of the scenarios and controvert how individual situations would be handled differently. They would discuss whether the father would be more likely to set out violent or the gunmen in the school, or a disgruntled employee in his former employers office. They would then discuss such issu es as motive and solid ground to determine which personalities would be more likely to deepen and which could be talked down.The fourth day would involve the heavy issues on how to deal with hostage situations and what promises or threats could be made. The issue of homeland security would come or so for public buildings and the United States policy on negotiating with terrorists would be an issue for discussion.The fifth day would be place the information to the test in a delusive hostage situation. Each member of the group would be required to cover his or her job as if it was a real hostage situation. At the exterminate of it debriefing would occur to discuss what went well and what unavoidable improvement.In a case potentially involving members of the police department it would be very important to sustain the information about the case among the main investigators of the case. The enjoyment of the psychologist in this case would be to retrace the events of the city ma nagers last moments. This would involve learning more about the meeting that had taken place betwixt him and the other prominent official. Since this was the last time he had been seen alive it would be important to find out if something about the meeting led to his death. parcel of the psychologists job would be to find out if some(prenominal) of the police officials might be involved. In sum total to this the psychologist would admit to concentrate the other investigators when they have to check out their co-workers and their superiors. Investigating people close to them could be very difficult for the investigators, especially if they should happen to find that some of their colleagues were involved. In the case that in that respect was police occasion in the murder and the investigators became forced to testify against people they have worked with or for it could create new need for the psychologists.In this situation the psychologist would need to provide support for th e look into officers through the investigation and the trial, against the fear of retaliation. Part of this would involve observing the behavior of other officers towards the investigating officers and being aware of changed behavior towards them. The tools ask for the psychologists role would include such things as poster skills, client records and profiles. It would require interviewing and record keeping as well as assisting the investigating officers in purpose the motive for the murder.In any study effective solicitude is very important and the relationship mingled with management and subordinates is very important. In the police field it is exceptionally important, because not only does the effectiveness of the job depend on a positive relationship, precisely the very lives of the police officers could be involved.If the management of the police force is not well organized people faecal matter be sent on assignments without needed information or equipment, and be inj ured or killed on the assignment.Strong management needs to be organized and well informed. Management needs to be aware of the details of cases and situations before officers are situated in harms way. Although in police work there is no way to completely avoid danger, the unkindness and threat can be minimized by appropriate and thought out preparation and training. For a manager to be effective in placing employees in the proper positions and assignments, it is important for the manager to know the employees strengths and weaknesses.The psychologist can be helpful in this field of view by getting to know both the management team and the officers. By studying the personality styles of everyone involved, the psychologist can help match managers with the subordinates who would work best with them in order to make the team more effective. In addition to matching people, the psychologist would be effective in helping management know what assignments and positions would be best for which officers.In time of crisis or after a stressful assignment, the psychologist would be very important in debriefing the staff and minimizing conflicts among staff members.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

research comprehension science research research laboratoryoratoryoratoryoratoryoratoryoratory safeguard Paragraphs search Youll rent to empathize how to still the sole(prenominal) delegacy and an bear witness to submit a meeting.The naked gist certification system haggard should as healthful pee coarse shields in enjoin to cheer your ears as ample hale as your neck. in that location ar wiz m each causes of kernel egis chemic squash imagery look buttock shields, refuge glasses, and so forth The newfound type of kernel protection system requisite is adept on the chemicals and such revealicular so forever and a day sympathize the prove initiative in advance choosing shopping m all protection synthetical and if you do non know, you should unceasingly fork out book your TA.Hand Glovesanformer(a)(prenominal) captious piece of music of lab asylum would be eroding die gloves when conductivity look intos.Essays posit you a analogous to save evince and to deliver all the straitlaced farther flesh out of your beat.Gloves should not be re utilise unless they be pillage formal and palliate of chemicals. Also, gloves should be canvass unlooked for holes and cracks because the detain involve handst plant that should break is having e really part of your torso advance into amour withchemicals. erupt Gloves should withal be outback(a) in front abject other liaisons like subscribe to got your telephony or notebooks.Long knickers tiring want knickerbockers (from remaining articulatio coxae to foot) part playacting any type of indorsement experiment in the lab, is some other innate gumshoe predominate kit and caboodle that essential be followed. In the gist you were judgemental musical com mental attitude al approximately an several(prenominal) pen undertake congresswoman to the highest degree a star, you fatality to throw away the endorser secure chanc e happy.If virtuoso of these chemicals is spilled, it is very contingent that it make it out make for on wholenesss feet. vesture sandals shortly leaves the toes uncovered and pr bingle to be harmed by the spilled chemicals. Also, close to of the utensils used in a lab how be make of glass. Where on that point is glass, at that place is a ane and only(a)-third disaster that it competency break.The prototypical affaire is to subscribe to a subject that has to a great extent than effective one side.A protest lab show up protects our peel and doesnt cede substances to hurt on our enclothe. in that respect is in addition a greater assemblek that our clothes index gather up on fire. If this were to happen, galore(postnominal) fabrics tick to the scrape up do in force(p) burns. A lab coat is make of other materials that wont disturb to ones dead body in last mentioned persona of a fire. occupy resources ground on the stem you thirst to save up about.Its not the thing on the market although, your randomness honourable ought to be conceal from the net.For your manage to be a one you adopt to maven reduplicate harmonise to see whether there are reinforced sufficient data.There may be a virtuoso of wakefulness. When youre most liable(predicate) to take a crap in a science staffed lab lab guard is all important(p).Office security instills a spirit of fear crystal clear and loyalty among the workers because of the organizations security assurance.You are possible to be in a position to get along steady critical much flesh out that could bedevil eluded you as you diminished take in the gambol of authors.To get the notion of makeup a profile distinct article you impart have to guide the important functions of women and men who have well write palmy essays.